Calculation of the ventilation scheme of the pool: design, equipment, hoods

On the need for pool ventilation

Water constantly evaporates from the vast area of ​​the pool’s water mirror, droplets settle on the ceiling, windows and walls. In such a humid and warm environment, pathogens of mold and fungi feel great. What can not be said about the visitors to the pool. Significant damage is also caused to structural elements. Condensate not only looks unattractive, it gradually destroys finishing materials.

High humidity in the room leads to the following consequences:

• metal structures are covered with rust;
• fungus develops;
• plastered surfaces swell and collapse;
• painted parts become dull, stained;
• conductivity of insulating materials increases, the probability of electric shock appears.

That is why ventilation units are mandatory in pools. If we are talking about water parks or indoor sports pools, additional dehumidification of the air is usually required.

Humidity is one of the most important indicators that determine the quality of ventilation. Humidity is the amount of water vapor per unit volume of air. With high humidity, people breathe heavily. But too dry air in the pool is also a minus. Intensively evaporating, the water cools the bodies of swimmers, causing discomfort.

When designing pool ventilation, the operating mode, climatic conditions of the area and the wishes of the customer are taken into account. The peculiarity of pool ventilation is that the design parameters are significantly affected by the temperature of water and air.

The microclimate of the pool

The maximum amount of water that air can take at a certain temperature is called saturation humidity. An increase in air temperature entails an increase in the level of this indicator. The moisture level in the air is determined by the mass in grams divided by 1 kg of air. If the saturation humidity threshold is passed, the excess settles on the walls, glass, ceiling.

Before doing ventilation in the pool, it is necessary to reduce the evaporation of moisture, for which they achieve a certain combination of water and air temperature.

The air temperature is 1 to 2 degrees above the temperature of the water.

The minimum amount of moisture evaporates, which means that the equipment for ventilation of the pool needs less powerful. With equal indicators of air and water temperature, a saturation point is reached with a humidity of 100%.

But for people in the pool to feel comfortable, the humidity should be from 50 to 65%. This indicator can only be achieved through a mechanical ventilation unit for the pool.

Evaporation decreases somewhat if you cover the surface of the water with special blinds. Covered water almost does not evaporate and does not cool due to evaporation.

For comparison:

• 2.3 liters evaporate from an open water mirror in an hour;
• from closed - 1.2 liters per hour.

That is, it saves resources during the operation of the pool.

Ways to reduce humidity in the pool

It is impossible to completely prevent the evaporation of moisture in the pool. But it is quite possible to reduce it by installing a dehumidifier, supply and exhaust ventilation, or by combining both methods.

Air humidity can be reduced by two methods:

• condensation;
• assimilation.

Moisture condensation in the pool

Air is driven through a dehumidifier, where its temperature reaches the dew point. The moisture condenses, after which the air heats up to the desired temperature and returns to the room.

Such installations are good for ventilating a pool in a cottage where it is impossible to implement a supply-blowing system. The design is equipped with a hygrostat, which starts the compressor when the humidity reaches a certain reading. As soon as the humidity drops, the hygrostat stops the compressor. The fan can continue to rotate.

Condensing type dehumidifiers are:

• Wall mounted that hang on the wall. They can be installed in a room with a finished finish;

• Wall mounted hidden. All equipment is hidden in the adjoining room, only the intake grill goes into the pool room. Planning such a pool ventilation system in a private house is necessary at the construction stage;

• Stationary. These are powerful installations requiring a special room. They can be included in the ventilation system for the pool of the sports complex. The stationary dehumidifier admits a mixture of 1/5 of the volume of air. Air inflow and blowing are provided by a system of air channels. Equipping the system with a duct heater, we get full ventilation.

Pool moisture assimilation

Supply and exhaust systems work by this principle, using the property of air to absorb water vapor. With rough estimates, a 5-fold air exchange per hour is laid.

Often in temperate latitudes, only ventilation is sufficient to maintain the necessary microclimate in a small private pool. But when calculating the ventilation of the pools of sports or entertainment complexes, a desiccant is indispensable. Especially if they are located in places with a hot climate.

The assimilation method is good in that the air is cleaned of unpleasant odors. Its most significant drawback is its dependence on the weather. If the humidity of the air is high, then it does not absorb moisture when it enters the pool. However, in many cases, in practice, this scheme is used.

The second significant drawback is that the supply air must be heated. This is especially noticeable in the cold season, when maximum energy is spent on heating.

Combined pool drainage method

The optimal type of installation of drainage and ventilation for intensive use pools and large areas. Experts recommend using both a dehumidifier and forced ventilation. Systems can be independent, not connected in any way, or make up the general system of maintaining the microclimate.

This is an expensive equipment that justifies itself only in pools of at least 50 square meters. meters.

Ways to maintain air temperature and remove odors in the pool

The air temperature in the pool room must be maintained above atmospheric. For this, a heating system is mounted. The air coming from the supply ducts is heated to a temperature maintained by the heating system. However, ventilation equipment is not intended for space heating.

Air heating in this case does not justify itself, since the intense movement of air accelerates the evaporation of water. It can be used only as an extra if the main heating fails.

If the room is plentifully glazed, the pool is located in the southern region, air conditioning is additionally provided.

In intensively visited large pools, natural ventilation is powerless, therefore, forced methods of air movement are used.They provide a stable temperature, fresh air, elimination of unpleasant odors and comfort for visitors.

Supply and exhaust ventilation scheme of the pool

The most effective method of ensuring the best conditions in the pool is the installation of supply and exhaust ventilation.

Advantages of the supply and exhaust system:

• fresh air is provided;
• excess moisture is removed from the atmosphere of the pool.

The system is equipped with a dehumidifier, and excess heat is discharged into the street. It is autonomous and not connected with the air exchange of the rest of the building. Ventilation ducts are created from materials that are resistant to moisture. The equipment is controlled by automation, maintaining a constant temperature and a mixture of clean air.

The air from the street before being fed into the room is filtered, cooled or heated, its humidity also changes depending on the set parameters.

Microclimate parameters for a swimming pool:

• water temperature +26 - 31 degrees;
• air temperature +27 - 32 degrees;
• humidity from 50 to 65%;
• air exchange for 1 visitor 80 cubic meters per hour;
• air speed up to 0.2 meters per second;
• concentration of chlorine molecules up to 0.1 milligrams per cubic meter of air.

Water temperature in pools at saunas:

• hot +35 degrees;
• cold +15 degrees.

The possibility of heat recovery in the pool

The ventilation system of the pool in the cottage or water park with heat recovery will save significant money on heating the supplied air. The recuperator uses the heat from the exhaust air to heat fresh. The heat recovery unit may have a plate design, rotary or work on the principle of a heat pump.

Recuperation in the summer allows you to cool the air supplied inside. On average, the annual savings are about 70%. The unit is equipped with filters and a heater, which, if necessary, brings the air temperature to the required (for example, in winter).

Rules for designing pool ventilation

Designing ventilation of a swimming pool is a rather complicated process, taking into account many nuances. Competently plan the ventilation of the pool with your own hands will only be possible with a specialist.

When calculating pool ventilation, the following should be considered:

• moist and heated air masses rush to the ceiling;
• condensation precipitates on all cool surfaces.

You can install ventilation equipment for any pool both in the adjacent room and under the bowl itself, around it, on top or on the wall. Often the supply grilles are placed around the pool or on both sides of the pool, contributing to the speedy displacement of the exhaust moist air up to the hood.

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  The ventilation scheme of the pool number 2

  One of the conditions for a comfortable stay in the pool is the absence of drafts. It is achieved by equalizing the volume of supply and exhaust air;

• In the locations of visitors, the air movement should not exceed the threshold indicated above. You can slightly reduce the intensity of movement using special ventilation schemes in the pool or special types of grilles;
• It is best to plan the air supply to the room under the windows, the best temperature conductors and the most vulnerable structural elements. The flow of dry air from the ventilation ducts prevents condensation from settling on the windows. At the same time, getting on the glass, the warm air cools. Therefore, its supply should be carried out directly in front of the surfaces, without reaching them;
• Exhaust ducts are mounted under the ceiling: in places of accumulation of moisture and heat, above the supply. Otherwise, fresh air will instantly be drawn out;
• If the room has suspended ceilings, the need for ventilation should be considered. Otherwise, zones of high humidity are formed above them;
• In order not to increase the evaporation of moisture from the surface, air flows should not pass directly above the water mirror.

An important component in the operation of the ventilation of the pool is the outdoor air. Its temperature affects the performance and power consumption of the system. In cold weather, the air is cold and dry, in heat - moist and warm. Thus, the ability to regulate air exchange allows you to create a comfortable microclimate without spending extra resources.

The adjustment is carried out with the help of fans that increase or decrease the intensity of airflow and the volume of air masses moved. A manual or automatic control method is used.

Another important parameter for calculating the ventilation of the pool is the supply air temperature. It is heated by electric heaters before being fed into the room, and correctly calculated temperature allows you to save on heating the hall.

Features of designing pool ventilation in cottages

When designing the ventilation of a private house pool, the following features are taken into account:

• the water temperature in the pool according to domestic standards +30 - 32 degrees, according to European standards +28;
• air temperature according to European standards exceeds the water temperature by 2 - 4 degrees, according to domestic by 1 - 2 degrees;
• air outflow may prevail over the inflow of 0.5 times;
• the noise level from operating installations should not exceed 60 decibels;
• in the pool, as a rule, no more than 2 people bathe at a time;
• use of the pool is episodic, not long;
• blinds and curtains for a water mirror are widely applied.

For the ventilation of the pool, air handling units are used, which can be separate, but always autonomous from the main duct system of the house.

When placing inlet grilles around the pool, discomfort from the movement of air masses is created, which is understandable given the small area of ​​the room.

It is advisable to use dual-mode installations: the inflow starts separately from the hood. When the pool is not used, it is enough to ensure the outflow of moist air from the room.

Many customers require invisible ventilation in the pool, which does not violate the design and architecture.

Equipment selection and pool automation

The selection of schemes and equipment for pool ventilation in the cottage is based on careful calculations. Any factors that change the rate of evaporation are taken into account:

• pool area;
• temperature of water and air in the room;
• calculated moisture indicators;
• visit mode;
• number of visitors;
• the presence of water coverage;
• volume of the hall in which the pool is located.

For calculation of pool ventilation, data on average humidity and temperature in the cold and warm season are also required.

The automated control system allows, once having set the necessary parameters, no longer remember the ventilation of the pool of his private house. Electronics will determine the volume of inflow, outflow in the event of a change in temperature or humidity.

Features of automation systems:

• start or stop ventilation (at a specific time or depending on the characteristics of the air);
• control over humidity and air temperature;
• protection of equipment from changes in the power supply network;
• warning of equipment malfunctions;
• integration into the smart home system.

Pool air conditioners

This is the embodiment of the latest technology that allows you to purchase equipment for ventilation of the pool with your own hands. Air conditioners for pools create the required microclimate, are fully automated and operate in the following modes:

• Space heating. The built-in heat register allows you to warm the air in the hall where the pool is located;
• Air drainage. The process takes place in a heat pump, where the air temperature drops to the dew point and moisture drops are deposited on the walls of the evaporator, flowing into the condensate collection tank. Further, the air enters the heat exchanger and warms up before being fed into the room;
• A mixture of fresh air. This function allows the air conditioner to completely replace the ventilation circuit of the pool, supplying heated and filtered air to the room. Warming up is due to heat recovery from the removed air;
• Summer mode. If the temperature of the air exceeds the temperature in the room, this mode starts;
• Enhanced drainage. This mode is included in the ventilation scheme of the private pool as desired. It is necessary in areas with high atmospheric humidity.

Air conditioning allows you to make ventilation in the pool easy to manage and install. For a country house, this is ideal. But there are more powerful models for healing or public pools. The technologies used make it possible to minimize operating costs. The power of the fans, as well as the operation of all other nodes, is controlled by an electronic switch.

The air conditioning unit is protected from corrosion by a polymer material and insulated.

The control is carried out by a remote control equipped with a screen, as well as an additional remote control. The screen displays information about the temperature and humidity of the room. Many models are equipped with modems that allow you to control remotely.

Such systems allow you to very accurately maintain the microclimate in the room, providing high-quality ventilation of the pool. With their own hands, the owner can choose the right equipment.