Provisions of legislative norms do not specifically stipulate points regarding the need to prepare a standard project for wiring in apartments before carrying out repairs. The laws contain instructions only that the electricity supply project of an apartment is being developed in the event of a network modernization taking into account serious changes to its scheme. Such an interpretation allows the owner of the apartment to decide on the preparation of design materials for electricity supply at his discretion.
Composition of the electricity supply project for new apartments
The project of the electricians of an apartment in residential new buildings includes the following set of documents:
- title or title page;
- the act of distinguishing ownership and operational responsibility;
- data on the construction of the structure and the explanatory note attached thereto;
- single-line electrical circuit;
- plan of the lighting network and power (outlet) part;
- list of necessary electrical equipment and components;
- potential equalization scheme.
All work items of the project electricians in the apartment are drawn up with the mandatory observance of ESKD requirements. During the development, all information is recorded concerning the project supervisory authorities and executors who carry out the technical part of the program activities.
Technical conditions, allocated power, act of balance demarcation
Before preparing a project for apartment wiring, it is first necessary to order TU from Energosbyt for its development. They necessarily spell out all technical issues regarding the arrangement of wiring elements:
- wiring plan for cable conductors throughout the apartment;
- installation location and type of control cabinet (panel);
- a list of equipment installed in it, including an electricity meter and circuit breakers;
- breakdown of the power and lighting parts of the power grid into groups and other issues.
The technical specification also stipulates the power allocated to this facility, which in general should not exceed 15 kW.
In preparing the balance sheet act, the main focus is on a clear delineation of the areas of responsibility of the supplying organization and the consumer himself. It is documented by the conclusion of an agreement between the parties and its subsequent legislative confirmation. The need for such a separation and preparation of the act is due to the following reasons:
- after the signing of the act, each of the parties has an idea of who serves a certain section of the electricity network;
- in case of damage to the line, it will be clear who will have to pay for the restoration of the line;
- the act of demarcation is the basis for connecting newly commissioned objects to electric networks.
If for a number of reasons it is not possible to establish the boundary of responsibility, it is selected along the contour of the outer wall of the panel house or other structure. By mutual agreement of both parties, other options for resolving the issue are allowed.
Placement of an internal apartment board and distribution of consumers into groups
In the technical conditions for the design of electricians, the place for installing the shield within the living area (in the hallway or in the corridor) is also stipulated.The choice of one or another option depends on the preferences of its owner and the convenience of taking readings from the built-in meter. When preparing data on the electrical wiring diagram in an apartment, this issue needs to be considered first of all, so that you do not have to deal with moving the cabinet together with the electric meter later.
When choosing a placement zone, proceed from the following considerations:
- if possible, a place is selected in a niche in the wall;
- the shield should be located close to the route of laying the power cable;
- the height of the location is selected taking into account the convenience of taking readings and working with equipment.
After solving this issue, it will be necessary to deal with the separation of consumers into groups, which includes two stages: the breakdown of power consumers (sockets) and the distribution of lighting devices with switches installed in their circuits. For each type of wiring products and electrical consumers, such a distribution is planned separately.
Selection of circuit breakers and cable type
First, this procedure is carried out in relation to outlets, which are broken by calculating the wiring for the current consumed by individual branches. Usually they proceed from the following recommendations obtained in practice:
- the total power of one outlet group should not exceed 4.3 kW;
- this allows you to power it with a copper three-core cable with a cross section of each of the conductors 2.5 mm2;
- To protect such a line, a 25 amp circuit breaker is required.
To connect the electric stove, it will be necessary to lay a separate cable line 3 × 6 mm2, if its power does not exceed 7.3 kW. To service this branch of power supply, you will have to choose an AB with a corresponding cut-off of 40 Amps.
The selected type of outlet with an indication of the group and the permissible current is drawn in the wiring diagram. Records are made on the plan about the circuit breaker corresponding to each group (group 1 - 25 Ampere - cable 3 × 2.5 mm2 - VVGng wire). With a small number of outlets in different rooms and combining them into one group at the border of the premises, an additional junction box will have to be provided.
Wiring in the apartment
After the wiring in the house is calculated, and the project is finally approved, you can proceed with the installation of the electrical network. To do this, you need to do the following:
- Conclude an agreement with a company specializing in electrical work, which stipulates all the details of the project.
- Specialists install lines and equipment installed according to the building plan and wiring diagram.
- The system is tested in the operating mode and the subsequent acceptance of work by the representative of the Criminal Code.
If the owner of the apartment perfectly knows the technique of electrical work, he can save on this part of the project by doing it yourself.
Analysis of a simplified version of power supply
So far, cases of an expanded project of power supply have been considered, according to which all design and technical factors characteristic of new buildings, for example, were taken into account. It will be easier to understand how to calculate wiring in an abridged version if you consider the example of an apartment in an old city house from monolithic structures. The requirement to prepare the project may be caused by the dilapidated state of electric networks and the desire of the representatives of the Criminal Code to control the entire process of its modernization.
In this case, when preparing the estimate, it is not necessary to take into account the labor costs for wall chipping, since it is preferable to use the open method of laying.
Operations associated with the calculation of wiring will also be greatly simplified, as the list of installation works and the amount of consumables will be reduced. In this situation, it is possible to save on protection devices, excluding RCD, which is mandatory in shabby rooms.
Project features for one and three bedroom apartments
The wiring diagram in a one-room apartment is the simplest version of the design solution, which does not require a breakdown of consumers into groups. In this case, all calculations related to the power consumed by them and the choice of the necessary circuit breaker are simplified. The electrical wiring in one-room apartments is supplemented by a separate power line if there is a washing machine in the kitchen or in the bathroom.
When preparing the estimate, the construction of the structure (monolithic or brick walls) must be taken into account, which determines the labor costs for arranging the hidden laying.
In a three-room apartment, when drawing up a wiring plan, it is recommended to take into account the following points:
it is more convenient to divide consumers into 4 groups: one per room and one more, combining a corridor, a kitchen and a bathroom with a toilet;
in the example of the apartment’s power supply project, a separate line with an automatic machine serving the washing machine and / or oven must be taken into account;
when preparing a project, it is important to correctly calculate the distribution of loads among individual groups: due to the large number of consumers, they can load the network unevenly.
It is more convenient to classify the wiring diagram in 2 bedroom apartments as an intermediate option between the two already considered.
Having familiarized with the main points of the project preparation in apartments of various dimensions, each user will be able to start preparing for its implementation. It involves the acquisition of the necessary devices and supplies according to the estimate and the hiring of specialists in the installation of electrical wiring.
