In private houses located far from the main water supply pipeline, wells, wells and springs, which are located near villages, have always been used. But technology has allowed to equip the water supply of a private house, cottage, cottage with the simultaneous removal, collection, removal and disposal of contaminated water. At the owner’s request, an autonomous water supply with waste water disposal can be arranged on the territory of his land ownership. Moreover, all equipment and technical support is carried out at the expense of the owner of the site.
Scheme of a country well water supply system
The arrangement of a site with a residential house will require the presence of the following components:
- A source that can be used to draw water. Basically, on the territory of private houses and cottages, wells and underground wells serve as such sources.
- Equipment for arranging a water intake system. It includes pumps for lifting water (electric or manual). On the summer cottage, where water is used from the onset of the season to its end, mechanical structures are installed. They provide a small fluid intake. If a large water intake is provided, an automatic model of the pump is installed, for which it is necessary to connect to the power unit. Stations with a surface pumping unit are popular with consumers.
- Automatic devices to ensure that the pumps are turned on and off, to protect them from idle runs in the absence of water in the source.
Elements of private water supply are selected taking into account the physical features of water layers in the territory of the site. All data can be obtained from the specialists of the water utility.
Arrangement of the internal highway
To conduct water into the house, it is necessary to make piping, mount the supply and discharge points of contaminated liquid.
To equip the internal water main, use products from modern polymeric materials:
- polypropylene;
- cross-linked polyethylene (metal plastic).
Pipes made of copper and steel are also used in the piping system, but less frequently.
Drinking water treatment systems
For water entering the house from any source, a filter system is provided for carrying out coarse and fine cleaning. In addition, to improve the composition of the liquid, devices are provided for its purification from salts of iron and manganese.
In the autonomous water supply system, installation of plumbing equipment is expected.
Plumbing for a water supply system
Plumbing fixtures consist of a set of shut-off valves (ball and valve), valves that prevent the reverse movement of effluents. To connect structural elements to the list of plumbing equipment, you need to include various types of fittings: threaded, press and compression. In addition, it is necessary to have filters and counters that are installed at the points of water supply to the house.
Devices that control the operation of plumbing equipment: faucets, mixers, are connected to water outlets. This also includes existing household appliances.
Water supply
Organization of water supply at a summer cottage is possible if 1 of 2 types of source is available - wells or a water supply system will be equipped at the dacha from a well.
Well water supply also has its own characteristics and advantages:
- Convenience of cleaning the structure from silt and algae, which implies the possibility of increasing operation up to 10 years or more. At the same time, it remains possible to provide the family with water in case of emergency.
- For installation of a well not only ancient wooden fellings are used. Now the material for construction are reinforced concrete rings. Their diameter is from 1 meter. You can dig a well with the help of equipment and manually to a depth of 25-30 meters.
Equipment and materials
In summer cottages where it is planned to lay a water supply system, use a surface or submersible pump. The principle of operation of most of these structures is centrifugal.
In such a system, water entering the pump through the central nozzle is directed to the axis of the disk wheel, which changes the direction of flow to the lateral outlet, through which it is pushed by the blades of the working chamber.
These types of devices are characterized by high efficiency. In addition, they can work with turbid water.
The second type of pump, which has become popular for laying water supply in a country house, is a surface one. This device transports fluid from layers of water located at a depth of more than 9-10 meters. For the convenience of users who use such devices in everyday life, they are put on sale complete with a pump station, the design of which has a hydraulic accumulator or storage tank, a relay, a closing and opening circuit when the pressure changes, a pressure gauge.
Such pumps are used to supply clean water to homes, so they are designed for a maximum flow rate of 5 m3 / hour.
The efficiency of a surface device operating on the principle of a centrifugal pump reaches a value of 65%.
In the development of submersible devices, there are models that include the required number of steps in their system. Such designs are able to gradually increase the pressure of water inside the housing. These models can deliver a turbid liquid, provided that its temperature does not exceed + 35 ° C.
Well water conservation for winter
For the winter period, it is not required to preserve the well, just install the cover. Moisture through the soil layers around the well is inevitable and this process cannot be prevented.
Water is recommended to be treated with bleach 2 times a year. At the end of the year, removing the pump, after rains, 2-3 matchboxes of chlorine are poured into the well, covered with a prom cap and left until the first warm days.
After the snow melts, the water in the well is disinfected with bleach again.
Winter pipe system preservation
Starting to preserve the pipes, first of all, they free the entire system from residual water. Start draining the liquid from the house from the top floor. Hoses must be removed from the boilers, ensuring free flow of fluid.
Water supply for seasonal operation
The requirements for arranging a seasonal water supply system differ from the rules for laying and warming the water supply system in dachas with permanent residence of people, where water supply to the house is required throughout the year.
In winter, the owner, arriving at the cottage for several days, connects the pump to the internal wiring using a flexible hose.
Thermal insulation of the system is not required, but it is necessary to have a device that will drain the water at the time of departure. They are a standard drain valve mounted in the lower part of a horizontally located pipe. The water remaining in the pipe will freeze, which will lead to the destruction of all communication.
Do not forget about the storage water heater. For the winter period, cold and hot water should be drained.
Water service rules
Despite the reliability of the installed water supply system, this scheme needs mandatory prevention to prevent failures in the operation of mechanisms, violation of the strength of the joints.Specialists working in organizations of water supply systems recommend that you follow the basic rules:
- Monitor the operation of the existing pump, carry out timely cleaning of the device, replace gaskets. Follow all recommendations attached to the pump manual.
- Check the composition of the water to prevent surface water from entering the well.
- Track pressure in the water supply system. Pressure should be within the range of 2.5 to 4 atmospheres.
- Clean the filters installed to hold large particles, stones and clots of dirt. The exclusion of their entry into the system will avoid mechanical damage to the equipment.
The ability to connect automatic devices to control the process of water supply will prevent accidents in the absence of fluid source, a sharp change in pressure parameters. The machine will work, the relay will stop the device.
To ensure that there are no complaints about the water supply system during operation, the work meets all safety requirements; when laying it, it is necessary to think through each stage of construction.
