Water supply in the country - communication, without which being in a country house would be uncomfortable. Lack of sufficient water for domestic needs and watering the garden are difficulties that summer residents lacking in water supply face. If some owners appear on their plots just a few times during the summer, then others spend a lot of time in country houses. The way out of the situation is to conduct water supply at the cottage with your own hands from a well or other source.
The choice of water supply
To provide water for a country house and a garden, a central water supply system, a well or a well is used.
Central water supply is the cheapest and most practical source of water for a country house. It occurs in gardening partnerships bordering cities or large towns. The water in it, as a rule, meets all sanitary and hygienic standards and can be used for cooking, watering the garden and other needs.
To obtain permission to connect to such a source and draw up a water supply project, you must apply to the organization that is its owner - the local Vodokanal, housing and communal services.
The well is used in the absence of a central water supply in the dacha village and the inability to penetrate the well - interstratal pressure water lies at a very great depth. Due to the close occurrence to the surface (not deeper than 12 m), well water is not always suitable for cooking and drinking, but it can also be used for watering beds, watering a bath or shower.
A well is a narrow canal made of a casing penetrated to a depth of more than 15-20 meters with a submersible pump located in the aquifer. In the upper part, the source is enclosed with a concrete or metal well (caisson). The water from such a source is clean, suitable for drinking and domestic needs.
The choice of pipes for water supply
To lay the external water supply line from the water supply source to the house, low-pressure polyethylene pipes (HDPE) with a diameter of 25 mm are used with a water flow rate of less than 1.8 m3 / h or 32 mm with a flow rate of 1.8 -3.5 m3 / h.
When connecting plumbing fixtures inside the building, polypropylene pipes with an outer diameter of 20-25 mm are used. At the same time, products made of fiberglass-reinforced polypropylene are used for hot water supply, and for simple cold water.
Types of designs
Summer (temporary) water supply is a collapsible contraction, consisting of flexible hoses laid on the surface of the soil or plastic pipes connected by couplings, tees. The water pressure in it is provided by a submersible pump or pump station. Such a water supply is used to organize watering in the garden, to supply the house with water for domestic needs during the warm season.
The winter structure is a constantly operating stationary water supply system consisting of a pipe buried to a certain depth in the ground, a water supply source, shutoff and control valves located inside the house of pipes supplying various plumbing fixtures.
Plumbing design
A necessary step in the installation of water supply cottages with their own hands is its scheme - a graphical representation of the location of the supply pipeline in the area, piping inside the house. When connected to the central water supply main, the project is drawn up by the organization-owner of the water supply system.When laying water supply from an autonomous source - a well or a well - the project is drawn up by the owner or a specialist hired by him. With self-designing, they try to conduct a water supply pipe from the source to the place of entry into the house along the shortest path, bypassing paths, sections under large trees, outbuildings.
When drawing up the project, the minimum distances from the water supply system to the nearby communications are also taken into account:
- power cables –0.5 m;
- Sewerage -0.2 m;
- gas pipeline –1.0 m;
- underground telephone lines - 0.5 m.
A water pipe should be laid, taking into account these standards, so that in the future there will be no difficulties in repairing or replacing communications.
The communication owner should save the project in order to know how and in what place the water supply was laid and, if necessary, to distinguish his faucet from the neighboring one in the centralized water supply well.
Installation Steps
The first step in installing the water supply in the country with your own hands is the digging of a trench - a long ditch from the source of water supply to the input of the pipe into the house. Its depth should be 0.5 m more than the level of freezing in the winter. Digging depth trenches for different regions:
- Southern regions of Russia - up to 1.2 m;
- The average lane is 1.8-2.0 m;
- Siberia - 2.2-2.5 m.
They dig a trench manually with a bayonet shovel and crowbar or with the help of special excavators with narrow buckets and trenchers. In this case, the fertile layer is thrown off on one side of the ditch, and the rest of the breed on the other.
A pipe is laid at the bottom of the dug trench. At the same time, they try to avoid excesses and fractures of communication, connecting it at sharp turns of the moat with the help of special corner couplings and corners.
To conduct water supply directly to the house, in the foundation below the floor with a punch, make a hole into which a piece (sleeve) of corrugated pipe with a diameter of 100-120 mm is inserted. The pipe coming from the bottom of the trench at an angle to the foundation is insulated with heat-insulating materials made of polystyrene foam and foamed polyethylene. They have plumbing in the kitchen or bathroom. To do this, the floor of the room in the place of the passage of the pipe is dismantled and its end is 10-15 cm long.
A double-sided polyethylene fitting (sleeve) is installed on the pipe end brought into the house, into which a brass ball valve is screwed. When connected from the central water supply to the faucet, a water measuring unit is connected - a coarse filter and a counter.
Pipeline connection to a water supply:
- When installing a water pipe from a well, a polyethylene pipe is connected to a non-return valve on a submersible pump, before it is lowered into the casing.
- When washing the water supply pipe from the pump located in the well, it is instilled to the design depth, then a hole is made in the well wall from the outside (from the side of the moat) and connected to the pump discharge hose.
- The insert into the main pipe of the central water supply system is carried out by specialists of the organization of the owner of this communication.
After connecting the external supply pipe to the source of water supply, the internal water supply is routed, including the connection of cold water to faucets, a toilet bowl, a water heater, and a heating system. To do this, use a manual apparatus for welding polypropylene pipes with the necessary nozzles.
The hot heating element of the soldering iron for polypropylene pipes is heated to 300 degrees.
In addition to the indicated points of water intake, an additional pipe with a tap, which serves to irrigate the garden and vegetable garden, is also brought out onto the street.
