When installing a source on a suburban area, it is not enough to drill it. It is necessary to carry out the selection, purchase and installation of all necessary components for the well so that its operation is full and uninterrupted. At the same time, equipment must be selected in accordance with the technical characteristics of the hydraulic structure itself.
Well components
To fully equip an autonomous water supply system, the master will need:
- pump;
- accumulator;
- caisson (upper protective chamber);
- head end.
Of the additional components with which the work of all nodes will be more productive, a manometer, a pressure switch, a check valve are distinguished.
Pump
The injection unit for the well may be surface or submersible, deep. It all depends on the source parameters. For wells up to 12 meters deep, surface equipment can be used. You can enhance its capabilities using a remote ejector. Then it will be possible to raise water from a depth of up to 18 m. When using a surface pump, the intake hose with a coarse filter installed at the end is simply lowered into the hydraulic structure.
For sources with a depth of 20 m or more, it is better to take a submersible deep device. Such aggregates have the form of a narrow flask, which is located in the casing of the well.
All pumps for an autonomous source with a casing string are classified according to the following parameters:
- power - from 600 W and above;
- productivity - from 1,5 m3 / hour;
- pressure - 8 m or more;
- immersion depth - 8 m and above;
- manufacturer.
Mostly centrifugal aggregates are used for wells. Vibration is not recommended because they tend to destroy the casing and simultaneously agitate sand from the bottom.
Storage tank
He is a hydraulic accumulator. Using such a device, it is possible to maintain a constant pressure in the system. And in the event of a temporary lack of electricity, the family has a supply of water for several hours.
The hydraulic accumulator is a tank made of stainless steel. Its inner part is divided into compartments by a rubberized membrane. It is she who regulates the on-off cycles of the pump by changing the pressure in the tank.
Hydraulic accumulators can be classified by volume (from 24 liters or more), material of manufacture and manufacturer. For a family of 2-3 people, a tank of 50 liters will be enough. The drive is connected to pumping equipment.
Caisson
This is a protective chamber that allows you to protect the upper part of the well from freezing in winter and place all the working nodes of the pumping station in one place. Thanks to the caisson, the source and all equipment are reliably protected from precipitation, fine debris, and vandals.
The camera can be made with your own hands from various materials - concrete mortar, reinforced concrete rings, brick blocks or metal. Or you can just buy a factory box made of plastic. It weighs less, is completely tight, has stiffening ribs. Installation of such a camera can be performed without involving special equipment, which will positively affect the budget of the master.
The parameters of the caisson minimum should be 0.8 x 0.8 m. In this case, the upper part with the hatch should preferably be placed so that it is located 15-20 cm above ground level. This prevents atmospheric water from leaking into the chamber.
If the caisson is not provided (for example, the well is located in the basement of the house), you can plug the top of the casing with a head. It is a polymer cover with technical holes for the outlet of the intake hose and cable. On the underside of the head there is a special carabiner for attaching the pump safety cable.
Selection Criteria
The equipment necessary for the well is selected according to various parameters corresponding to a particular device.
The caisson is selected according to dimensions, volume, wall thickness, material.
The pump is selected according to the following criteria:
- producer (the most popular are Dzhileks, Grundfos, Kid, Brook);
- power;
- performance: it should not exceed the flow rate of the source, otherwise the pump will quickly drain it;
- immersion depth;
- pressure;
- type (vibrating, centrifugal).
As for the accumulator, the main criterion for its selection is volume.
Equipment installation steps
When installing pumping equipment for wells, all actions are performed in strict sequence. As soon as the casing is installed, and the well is completely rocked, proceed to the installation of the caisson.
Dig a pit around the source to a depth of 1.5-2 meters (below the level of freezing of the soil). It is important to prepare the base for the camera device. Especially if it will be concrete. Around the perimeter of the pit, pour a concrete pillow and reinforce it with a mesh. Under the polymer caisson, you can simply pour a sand cushion with a layer of 10-15 cm and compact it well.
The walls of the chamber are distilled from concrete mortar, brick or rings. When working with reinforced concrete elements make sure that they become smooth. All joints are tightly sealed.
The installation of the polymer caisson is performed as follows:
- A hole equal to the diameter of the casing is formed in the lower part of the chamber. Put the caisson on the column and carefully lower it to the bottom. The junction of the tank and the pipe is well sealed with bitumen mastic.
- Technical holes are formed in the side walls of the caisson for the outlet of the pipeline. It is also important to use a good sealant.
As soon as the protective chamber is installed, carry out its backfill, well and layer by layer compacting the soil.
Pump installation
When installing a surface unit, the work scheme looks like this:
- The pump is mounted on the bottom of the caisson near the well. Its legs are screwed to the floor to prevent increased vibration.
- A water inlet hose is attached to the inlet pipe using fittings. Its lower part is equipped with a coarse filter. The footage of the hose is calculated so that it does not reach the bottom of the source 1-1.5 m.
- The sleeve is lowered into the well, having previously provided it with a load, in order to exclude chaotic movement in water during operation.
If a submersible pump is mounted, the installation principle is as follows:
- On the ground, an electric cable, a safety cable and a water intake pipe are unwound in parallel. All must be the same length.
- A water inlet hose is connected to the pump outlet with a fitting. About a meter away from him, a check valve is fixed.
- The pump is mounted on a safety cable. It is advisable to take a nylon durable. Steel eventually deteriorates due to the negative effects of moisture.
- All three elements (cable, cable and pipe) are pulled together with construction clamps in increments of 1 m to prevent them from tangling in the casing. It is important to avoid pulling.
- The other end of the insured cable is attached to the top mounted frame or carabiner.
The pump is slowly lowered into the well to the desired depth.
Installation of a hydraulic tank
The membrane tank is located directly next to the pump or in the caisson. The hose diverted from the submersible pump is connected to the drive.If the master mounts the surface unit, first a section is attached to its inlet pipe, which is then joined to the accumulator.
From the installed drive, the water supply branch is diverted to the house.
It is also important to install a pressure gauge with a pressure switch. Then the hydraulic tank is filled with water through the technical hole (it is forbidden to dry connect it). By means of a manometer and a pressure switch regulate the optimal performance. Recommended lower pressure value is 1.5 atm., Upper - 3 atm. Adjustment is performed using special knobs on which the arrows indicate the direction of their rotation.
If the pumping station works fully, it turns on and off in accordance with the specified pressure parameters, the water enters the system correctly, which means that the well structure is completed correctly.
After the accumulator in the direction of movement of the water, it is advisable to mount another check valve. It is also necessary to provide before and after it two drainage taps for the probable conservation of the system or emergency drainage of water.
If the water from the well is highly mineralized, enriched with iron or other components, it is important to install a good treatment system in the caisson. Filters are selected after a fluid analysis.
Cost of components
To fully equip the source, you will have to incur certain costs for the purchase of the necessary elements. Approximate prices for equipment for supplying water from a well in the Moscow region:
- surface pumps, depending on the manufacturer - from 2500 rubles .;
- submersible deep aggregates - from 5000 rubles .;
- factory plastic borehole caisson “Aqualux” - from 20,000 rubles;
- stainless steel hydraulic tank - from 3500 rubles .;
- cap from 1600 rub.
On average, arranging an autonomous source will cost 50,000-60000 rubles, subject to independent work. If an Abyssinian type source is drilled (garden column), the costs will be minimal.
