Often, suburban villages do not have centralized water supply. Therefore, the owners of the plots resort to the device of autonomous sources - wells or wells. In most cases, there are no problems with the flow rate of a hydraulic structure. But there are situations when water leaves the well after winter or after some time from the beginning of its operation. You need to deal with the problem, otherwise the source will completely stop working and you will have to drill a new trunk.
Reasons for reducing the amount of water in the well
Well depth and its hydrogeological parameters
It is about at what level the water intake point is located relative to the surface of the earth and other aquifers. The most unfavorable in terms of constancy of flow rate are considered hydraulic structures on the water tower (the very first aquifer) or on sand. Here, the strata are considered non-pressure or low-pressure, the resource in them directly depends on the amount of precipitation. The more of them, the higher will be the liquid mirror in the well.
In dry seasons, the flow rate of the source is seriously reduced. It is important to pay attention to atmospheric pressure differences, at which the amplitude of water oscillations in the formation can reach 1 meter. Additionally, you can take into account: if several neighboring wells are located on one horizon, the resource for all may simply not be enough. Especially in dry seasons and periods of garden irrigation.
If the source is drilled on limestone, such a layer is considered pressure. The quality of the fluid in it is better. But here, two or three adjacent hydraulic structures can suffer significantly in terms of productivity.
Filter Issues
Improper arrangement of the filter system at wells in the sand also often leads to a decrease in the volume of water in the mine. This may be due to improperly selected mesh cells, which tighten the perforated lower end of the column. Too small holes become clogged with grains of sand quickly (kalmotage is formed), which leads to a decrease in well productivity. Through large cells, sand fills the bottom of the casing and interferes with the free flow of water. The same thing happens when the filter screen breaks.
In an artesian source, mesh windings are not set. However, there may be a problem of collapse of limestone formations and as a result of overlapping of the well string. Water will enter it with difficulty.
Improper well operation
The more constant the use of the source, the longer and better it works. With regular water movement, siltation of the lower part of the casing is excluded. If the source is used seasonally, after winter the well gives little water, since the filter has silted up and needs to be flushed.
The wrong operation of the well has a flip side - the overestimation of the requirements for the source performance. Too powerful pumping equipment draws more water than the hydraulic structure permits according to the documents. With this approach, too fast fluid movements lead to the fact that a special pocket-settler under the filter is quickly clogged with particles of rock. The casing from this is clogged in its lower part. The result - the water intake part of the mine is seriously reduced in diameter.
For each specific flow rate of a hydraulic structure, you need to take a pump with precisely selected technical characteristics for power and performance.
Ways to solve the problem
To understand how to deal with the low flow rate of a previously active source, you need to identify the cause of the situation. Then proceed to solve the problem sequentially.
When silting the bottom, it will have to be washed under high pressure. Here you need to use special equipment for water hammer and compressor. It is better to entrust such work to specialists. If gelation (flushing) is carried out on one's own, without experience and knowledge, there is a high risk of damaging the casing with a water hammer or aggravating the situation with improperly selected reagents. Pumping is carried out for 5-10 hours, while simultaneously removing waste water with sludge. The same should be done with the new well. This is called source buildup.
With regular siltation of the bottom, the well stops working after five years. Therefore, most likely, it will be necessary to prepare for drilling a new trunk. In addition, silting a new source in the first year of operation is a serious cause for panic. Apparently, the masters involved in the arrangement of the casing made gross technological errors.
If the reason for the low flow rate of the hydraulic structure is the clogging of the filter, it is better to change it. Moreover, it is desirable to choose the optimal mesh size. After replacing the filter, you will also have to flush the well to increase the flow of water into the shaft of the mine.
When several sources are located on the same aquifer, you need to go deeper or find compromise solutions with neighbors on the rational use of water.
Preventative measures
To maintain optimal source performance, the following preventative measures should be followed:
- Flush (swing) the well every 2-3 years, even if at first glance it gives enough water.
- When drilling the source, it is necessary to accurately calculate the flow rate of the aquifer and select the right equipment, components for equipping the hydraulic structure.
- Sources on sand are best done with a diameter of 15 to 21 cm.
- The casing must go below the water level in the mine.
- It is important to make a sufficient number of perforations in the bottom of the pipe. You also need to select the correct mesh size for the filter.
- A pump is placed in a new well at least a meter from the bottom and 50 cm from the water mirror.
- The injection equipment in the first days of operation of the source should work continuously. This will help to swing the hydraulic structure well.
- It is advisable to use the source in the winter. Continuous streams of water prevent siltation of the bottom of the column.
By following all these recommendations, it is possible to avoid problems with a low flow rate in the well.
