In a city apartment or in a country cottage, people are used to using electricity, water, and sewage every day. Moreover, if electrification has affected the most remote corners of Russia, then the water supply often has to be independently laid in private homes, even near the capital. To avoid problems, it is necessary to build it in accordance with technical requirements.
To what depth should a water pipe be buried in a private house
Building norms and rules for laying external water supply networks in settlements are determined by SNiP 2.04.02-84, in force since 1986. Additional standards for the installation of polymer water conduits were introduced by SP 40-102-2000 in August 2000. In addition, you can use the norms of water supply design given in SNiP II-G.3-62, approved in 1962. Despite the considerable age of the normative act, it is still relevant.
The standards provide for the placement of highways at a depth of at least 0.5 m from the surface, in order to protect pipelines from mechanical damage by vehicles. To prevent rupture of the water supply system during soil freezing, the standards for laying in accordance with SNiP establish for all regions the occurrence of water conduits also 0.5 m deeper than the lower freezing point of the soil. Freezing maps are developed for all regions and regions of Russia.
The regulations allow laying the water supply in the freezing layer, if the transported water is protected against freezing by continuous circulation or heating electric cables. In this case, the cable is laid over the pipe.
SNiP recommends the optimal combination of water conduits with heating plants, as well as the maximum reduction in their length.
Bookmarking standards for SNiP are based on scientific calculations and many years of experience in building communications. The use of building codes ensures the reliability and durability of the water supply network.
5 factors affecting the depth of the water supply
When summing up water in a private house, it is important to decide at what depth the water pipe should be buried in the ground to avoid freezing in the winter and overheating in the summer. A correctly calculated depth of the conduit reduces construction costs and avoids operational problems.
If a wide sewer pipe can be melted during freezing by lowering hot water through it, then the ice plug formed in the water conduit is almost impossible to detect and remove. We'll have to wait until it melts on its own by the end of May, when the deep layers of the soil finally warm up to positive temperatures.
An increase in temperature in the cold water supply system in summer is also extremely undesirable - this leads to the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water - for them it is optimal 25-50 ° C. Water becomes unusable. The level of the trunk should prevent overheating of the cold pipes and excessive cooling of the hot pipes.
When planning a water supply system at a site still at the stage of building a house, factors affecting the depth of laying the mains should be taken into account.
- climate zone: average depth of soil freezing, snow depth;
- topography;
- soil structure, depth of groundwater;
- appointment: permanent or seasonal;
- pipe material, presence or absence of insulation.
The influence of the climatic zone on the depth of pipe laying
Russia is located in 4 climatic zones, plus a special one - a zone of northern territories. Temperatures, rainfall and sunny days are different everywhere.The depth of soil freezing up to 0ºС in the regions of Russia differs significantly.
- southern - 0, 85 m;
- central - 1.6 m;
- northern - 2.75 m.
To determine the depth of the water supply system in a private house, you need to look at the average freezing temperature on the site on the map and, according to SNiP, add another 0.5 m. The resulting number is optimal for this area.
Land relief
The soil in areas with terrain drops freezes more than on a flat surface, so the depth of the pipes should be increased.
Excessive deepening of the water supply is undesirable. Excessive soil pressure is created on the pipes, which can cause an emergency. In addition, it requires additional construction costs, makes it difficult to repair the water supply system in the event of leaks.
Soil type
It is necessary to know the composition of the soil in the plot of the laid highway, since the depth of its laying can decrease or increase depending on the composition of the soil.
For the Russian middle zone, the depth of the water supply lines will be:
- stone soil with large fractions: the most significant freezing, laying depth - 1.9 m;
- gravel: significant freezing, laying depth - 1.7 m;
- sand: average freezing, laying depth - 1.6 m;
- clay soils and loams freeze a little; laying of communications at a depth of 1.3 m is allowed.
When constructing water pipelines in areas with special conditions (for example, earthquake-prone territories, permafrost conditions, mining or mines), it is necessary to be guided by building codes developed for these territories.
In the southern regions, a minimum deepening of 0.5 - 1 m is allowed. This ensures protection of the highway from mechanical loads.
In the northern regions - the depth of water supply networks is significantly increasing.
Trunk assignment
Water supply increases the comfort of living in a private house at any time of the year. If it is necessary to use it only in the summer season, the system is laid either on the surface of the earth or at a depth of up to 0.5 m. When laying, plastic flexible pipes and hoses are used, it is disassembled for the winter, water must be drained.
In order to calculate the depth of water pipes in a private house, you need to familiarize yourself with the regulations applicable in this area. A permanent water conduit is laid taking into account all the factors affecting the level of deepening.
Pipe material
The type of soil, the depth of the highway, high requirements for frost resistance, the project budget are the parameters that determine the material from which the pipes are made.
- loose sandy and clay soils allow the use of pipes made of various types of plastic;
- rocky soil of increased density requires the use of steel pipes or lay plastic pipes using the puncture method (placing a flexible pipe inside a strong metal).
When laying a water pipe at a considerable depth below the level of freezing of the soil, it is necessary to select pipes capable of withstanding the pressure of the soil. It is necessary to pay attention to the load that flexible pipes are able to withstand without compromising quality and shortening the service life. Steel, cast iron and copper pipes are designed for maximum load. But the high price, the tendency to corrosion, the complexity of installation and repair reduce the scope of their application.
Plastic pipes can be used at a depth of 8 m, but the service life is drastically reduced. As a rule, flexible pipes made of propylene are laid to a depth of 3 meters. Pipes made of low pressure polyethylene withstand up to 10 atmospheres and are suitable for use at any depth.
