To ensure uninterrupted supply and removal of drinking water, resource-supplying organizations monitor the operation of formed water supply and sanitation systems. The functions of treatment facilities are able to create a kind of water cycle in the natural environment. Undoubtedly, the quality of the consumed resource has a direct impact on human health. The uninterrupted operation of these systems is ensured by the developed regulatory framework, which provides for areas of responsibility in terms of the operation of hot and cold water supply and sanitation systems and requirements for the quality of water supplied to the consumer.
Who is responsible for the provision of water supply and sanitation
Responsibility for the supply and disposal of drinking water through centralized trunk networks lies with water and sewage enterprises. On their balance sheet is the staff of employees who have undergone a certain theoretical and practical training. Specialists in the field of water and sewer services can be divided into 3 categories:
- operational staff;
- operational staff;
- repair workers.
The area of responsibility of an employee of the operational staff includes monitoring the work of the chief technologist and employees subordinate to him, ensuring the quality of the supplied resource: laboratory assistants, craftsmen, electricians, mechanics, etc. The operational staff are responsible for the work of emergency crews, and the maintenance staff are responsible for the implementation of planned repair activities without taking into account emergency intervention.
Organization of work at enterprises of water and sewer facilities
The equipment of engineering water supply networks is divided between repair crews and sections. The functions of maintenance and repair teams are similar and their interaction occurs according to the instructions for the operation of water supply facilities.
The rational activity of employees of the water and sewage system is ensured, including through the archive, which must be placed in the resource supplying organization and include all the technical documentation. Backup copies of the necessary information are freely available and are subject to issuance at the request of the repair and operational personnel.
The job description of the employee of the production or technical department should fix the obligation to timely update archival information. Storage of the specified documentation should be done in several places and on several media in order to avoid the loss of the necessary information in the event of a computer breakdown or other unforeseen situations.
Commissioning of water and sewage facilities is executed by the following papers:
- acts on the performance of covert work;
- technical documentation for equipment (passports and certificates);
- acts of sanitization of utilities;
- documentation of hydraulic testing of structures;
- hydrant fluid loss test documentation;
- design drawings agreed with all necessary departments;
- job logs containing troubleshooting information.
These documents should also be in the archive and timely provided to operational personnel upon request. This will allow taking measures to eliminate the emergency in a timely manner.
Water intake facilities
Surface water intake facilities consist of a hydraulic lift, a pumping station and water conduits. Two schemes of operation of such devices are widely used, the difference between which is the location of the water intake relative to the coast. The water-receiving openings of the channel channel variant of this facility are not available for maintenance in certain periods of the year.
Groundwater abstraction facilities are also quite often used in sewage systems and are classified into four types: mine wells, bonnet chambers, horizontal water intakes and water wells.
Sewage system
The operation of the sewage system of settlements provides the removal of domestic wastewater. Centralized sewer networks are used to receive and treat wastewater. Connection of subscribers to the centralized sewerage network can be allowed if there is appropriate technical feasibility, taking into account the standards for wastewater discharge by the consumer.
The sewage treatment plant is controlled by headquarters with a well-equipped laboratory, including qualified chemists, microbiologists, laboratory assistants, and engineers.
The main objective of the control is to obtain a quality resource at the output while ensuring economical and uninterrupted operation of the station. The quality of the functioning of individual facilities is controlled by the composition of the wastewater and sludge formed before and after their stay at each stage of treatment.
