There are many options for the installation of ventilation systems for rooms of various types. They differ in the principle of air movement, the shape and material of the ducts, the number of fittings. But, regardless of the device, all ventilation systems perform the same function: supply of fresh air and exhaust.
Ventilation in an apartment building
Over the past decade, the ventilation device in multi-storey buildings has undergone significant changes.
Khrushchev ventilation
The ventilation device in a multi-storey building-Khrushchev is such that the movement of air is based only on the laws of physics. Warm and humid air from the apartments seeks to find a way out. In apartments, a vacuum is created, which is filled with clean air penetrating through the windows or cracks in the doors. Ventilation shafts were constructed for the discharge.
The mine passes through all floors and is located between the bathroom and the kitchen. Exhaust ventilation grilles are installed in the walls under the ceiling, they go directly into the shaft without any auxiliary ducts.
Such a ventilation device for a prefabricated house is very simple, but not effective enough.
Minuses:
- air movement directly depends on temperature and pressure “overboard”. The best draft in winter, when the temperature drop is maximum, in summer, ventilation is almost inactive;
- on the upper floors the thrust is very small;
- often the phenomenon of “tipping over traction”, in which smells from the mine are drawn into apartments. Residents of the upper floor suffer especially from it. The situation is aggravated by the fact that only a ventilation grill separates the mine and the apartment;
- if the windows in the apartment are closed hermetically, there will also be no outflow through ventilation.
Ventilation in panel high-rise buildings
The principle of operation is similar, and the ventilation device in multi-storey buildings of a later construction is slightly different.
Individual exhaust ducts-satellites are used for the general exhaust shaft from each apartment, which serve to disperse the air. To save space, they are connected to the central trunk through the floor. With such an exhaust ventilation device, it is possible to conduct satellite channels not only from each apartment, but also from each room.
Although the scheme is more complex, all the disadvantages of the natural ventilation system of a panel house are present.
Ways to improve apartment ventilation
Residents of the vast majority of apartment buildings are faced with a lack of air exchange:
- windows “cry” in the kitchen;
- slopes are covered with mold;
- dust accumulates very quickly in the apartment;
- the smell of food from the kitchen spreads into the living rooms.
These are the main signs of problems with the ventilation device of the apartment.
Likely reasons:
- Destruction or clogging of the exhaust shaft;
- Lack of air flow.
During the years of spontaneous redevelopment, many residents tried to equip the area of the kitchen due to the ventilation duct in the apartment. Some simply dismantled it, tightly blocking the passage of air. Others tried to change the ventilation duct device in the apartment. Not understanding the general device of exhaust ventilation, they left residents of lower floors without an exhaust. There is only one way out of the situation - restoration of ventilation ducts in each apartment of the riser.
Vent risers are common property. Therefore, to destroy them or somehow change is prohibited.
Debris from the shaft of the ventilation shaft is removed only by specially trained people. Residents can only clean the area adjacent to the exhaust grilles of the kitchen and toilet. Start your search for a solution by thoroughly washing the ventilation grill in the kitchen.
If PVC windows without supply valves are installed in the apartment, the natural ventilation system is violated. Air is not supplied, so there is no hood. The problem is solved by installing a supply device on a window sash or on a wall. Preliminary check draft in exhaust grilles. If there is no air exhaust, the supply valve is useless.
Traction check
- Open all the windows in the apartment.
- Take a smooth piece of paper the size of a palm.
- Attach it to the exhaust grill in the kitchen.
If the sheet is held, everything is in order. Otherwise, check the condition of the ventilation shaft.
Mechanisms for ventilation of the apartment
The natural ventilation device of the apartment can be improved by adding simple and inexpensive mechanisms.
Cooker hood. It is successfully used by many residents. It is installed above the hob and is switched on if necessary. There are hoods of the active and passive type. The first take air out through the duct. The second ones just filter. Installation and selection of an active hood require compliance with a number of rules:
- it is better to take the exhaust air directly to the street, and not to the general ventilation;
- when connecting the duct to the common house system, it is impossible to block the ventilation grille in the kitchen;
- a too powerful hood can interfere with the operation of the general house ventilation;
- optimal performance of the kitchen fan 200 cubic meters per hour.
Exhaust fan. It is installed instead of the exhaust grill. Its power is selected depending on the purpose of the room and its area. But most household exhaust fans have a capacity of up to 250 cubic meters per hour. There are automatic devices for exhaust ventilation that start when humidity rises or when a person appears. Mechanisms have been successfully used in the ventilation of private houses.
Private house ventilation
Even in ancient times, ventilation was provided in private homes. A chimney was used as a powerful exhaust duct. A flow of air was provided by the gaps between the logs of the log house. Otherwise, you won’t make fire in the house. The load on such ventilation was low. They cooked everything in the same oven, washed in a separate room of the bath. Yes, and the walls themselves from the "living", breathing wood, filtered the air. Today, this is not so. Modern houses are reminiscent of a thermos, they are built from materials aimed at maximum heat conservation. A country house without well-arranged ventilation will rapidly collapse, mold, creating a threat to the health of its residents.
There are two types of ventilation devices for country houses:
- Passive or natural;
- Active or mechanical.
As a third option, we can consider a combined ventilation system.
Natural ventilation suitable for country houses, which are used mainly in the warm season. He opened all the windows and doors - here's the ventilation. A warm breeze blows through all the rooms. The device is simple and quite sufficient for ventilation of a small private house.
Owners of houses with “summer” ventilation, arriving at the cottage in early spring, are faced with a musty, heavy smell. You can slightly improve the ventilation device in a country house. Install ventilation openings with blinds in the walls at different levels. So you can regulate the air flow, and the house will not remain without ventilation, even in winter.
Some more useful tips for optimizing the ventilation system:
- Use different options for opening window panes and windows. With fully open windows in the house, drafts cannot be avoided;
- Do not forget to open windows on all floors. In the summer, the hottest place in a cottage is often an attic;
- equip all windows with mosquito nets;
- even with the simplest ventilation device in a private house, take care of ventilating the floor. Otherwise, it will draw damp from below, and the floor covering will rot.
Mechanical ventilation ideal for large country houses.
The most comfortable cottages are equipped with ventilation by mechanical draft. These are powerful, voluminous and expensive devices. They combine the functions of ventilation, air conditioning and heating. For placement of some modules, special niches, openings in walls or channels in interfloor ceilings may be needed. Therefore, they are calculated and planned at the design stage of the building.
The duct system is hidden in the floors or decorated during decoration. And ventilation grilles can be an additional decoration, a highlight of the interior. They are made of a wide variety of materials, a variety of designs. You can make the air supply points completely invisible by hiding them in a multi-level ceiling or lowering them to the floor level.
Before being fed into living rooms, optimal parameters are given to the air: temperature, humidity, and impurity content. The exhaust air is drawn from the pantries, kitchen, laundry, bathroom. Mechanisms are responsible for the whole movement.
A somewhat simplified and cheap scheme - combined ventilation device in a country house. If the cottage is located in an ecologically clean place, it is not necessary to process the supply air. It is enough to provide a good exhaust, and clean air will flow through the supply valves or open windows. This method is good for small private homes.
Exhaust fans are installed in the kitchen and in the bathroom. The convenience of the supply and exhaust ventilation device in a private house lies in the possibility of venting air directly to the street, through an opening in the wall. No ducts are needed for this.
Shed ventilation
In the shed, you can arrange ventilation on natural or mechanical traction.
Natural
To begin with, you should think about placing the supply and exhaust channels.
Channels can be made with a rectangular or circular section, the material of the pipes also does not matter much, but with plastic it is easier to work and they are cheaper.
In the operation of ventilation of the barn, arranged on natural traction, weather conditions play a large role. And the performance of such a scheme is not high. However, this is often enough for a barn.
The ventilation inlet device is as follows: a hole is made 20 cm from the floor into which an air duct with a diameter of 100-150 mm is inserted. Outside, the outlet of the pipe is covered with a grill from small animals, and from the inside you can install blinds, which regulate the intensity of the influx. In winter, such a ventilation device will save from cooling.
Unlike the ventilation device, the exhaust is installed under the roof, as high as possible. So that there are no stagnant corners in the room, the opposite wall is selected.
The difference in height between the inflow and the blow should be at least 3 m. Otherwise, it will not pull. Therefore, many carry the exhaust pipe above the roof level and cover the head with a ventilation umbrella. Instead of an umbrella, you can install a deflector to enhance traction.
Mechanical
The mechanical scheme has undeniable advantages over the natural structure of the supply and exhaust ventilation of the shed:
- gives a guaranteed result;
- it is not necessary to carefully select the places for the supply and exhaust channels.
In order for the supply and exhaust fans to do their job perfectly, they should be located opposite each other and preferably at different heights. But, even installed on the same wall, they do their job.
Cons of the mechanical device for ventilation of the barn:
- additional costs for equipment and operation;
- the need to conduct electricity to each fan and make waterproofing;
- in the absence of light, ventilation will not work.
Condensation may build up in the exhaust duct, resulting in a short circuit.
Our tips will help you avoid it:
- make the pipe into which you plan to install the fan a little longer;
- Drill a series of holes to drain moisture.
And one more tip: connect the fans to the power supply via a double switch. If necessary, you can start the hood and supply separately.
Knowing the basic principles of work, it is easy to independently deal with the ventilation device in an apartment, shed or garage. The solution to the problems of air exchange in a cottage or an apartment building is left for professionals.
