Types and design features of wood-burning stoves

To reduce the cost of paying for gas and electric heat supply, alternative heat sources can be found. The compact wood-burning stove is characterized by effective heat dissipation, suitable for installation in a private house and at the cottage, combined with domestic hot water systems. Manufacturers produce reliable, economical models with various types of furnaces and exterior decoration.

Varieties of wood stoves

A wood stove is a universal device that can work to heat a small house, connect to a heating system and water supply. Before buying, you need to study the features of the classification of heaters.

By case material

Depending on the material of manufacture, a wood-burning stove happens:

• Cast iron. The heat capacity of the housing and its ability to accumulate thermal energy ensure the operation of the device as auxiliary heating. A corrugated chimney or sleeve is intended for the removal of combustion products. The cast iron unit is equipped with a blower system for long-term temperature maintenance.
• Metal. Corrosion-proof metal reduces the time needed to heat the air in the room. When buying, you should focus on the wall thickness - thin cools very quickly. Designs with thick seams are less prone to cracking.
• Brick. It is built as the main source of heat, equipped with a chimney of a serpentine shape. Despite the long heating time, the brick can retain thermal energy for several hours.

The cast-iron unit is suitable for installation anywhere, the brick can be used for cooking.

Depending on the design of the chimney

The chimney pipe removes the products of combustion and by the method of installation is internal and external. In the first case, it is outdoors and has good traction. External systems are not displayed through the roof and are used for aesthetic purposes.

By type of construction, several types of chimneys can be distinguished:

• Wall. The lower part is aligned with the foundation of the wall. The chimney is made of brick.
• Root. It is equipped on a separate base near the outer wall, equipped with a brick or ceramic insert.
• A sandwich. A single-layer pipe looks like a nozzle, quickly mounted on a fireplace or stove.
• Coaxial Shindle system. Two-pipe design, which in a countercurrent way pumps air and removes combustion products.

The chimney should rise above the grate by 5 m, and above the roof - by 1 m.

By type of construction

Reliable hearth stoves work on wood and are designed for heating a house of any quadrature. By design, several types of devices are distinguished.

Stove with closed heater suitable for installation in saunas or baths, if it has a special compartment for laying stones. The heater is heated by convection or using an open flame. The water circuit is represented by a reservoir with nozzles.

Russian stoves made of brick, equipped with a berth - a couch. The furnace compartment is located under the stove bench, the stove is next to the furnace. The intensity of the heating is controlled through the blower. The Russian stove runs on a large amount of fuel and qualitatively warms up a room of more than 40 m2.

Depending on the location zone in the room, you can choose fireplaces:

• Corner Models with a built-in or attached chimney are taken out to the outer corner.Rectangular or square features a wide fireplace podium with a niche for fuel.
• Wall. The back of the structure is near the wall. The size of the base is on average 75x125 cm, which is suitable for living rooms in a small house.
• Island. Lining up on a separate foundation in large rooms. Perform the functions of zoning and heating.

According to the functional purpose, you can choose an oven-fireplace for a wood-burning bath or a design with a hob.

Swedish ovens differ in the rear outlet of the chimney, are classified according to the type of section into several types:

• Vertical. Smoke exhaust duct with 2-3 bends and a door for cleaning.
• Horizontal. Bred horizontally, has 2 bends and is evenly warmed up.
• Bell-shaped. Warm air masses are trapped in 2-3 chambers, the shield is evenly heated.

Hood Swedes are the most difficult to operate and maintain.

Duration of fuel combustion

A stove or fireplace with a long-burning system operates by the method of afterburning of pyrolysis gases, but models on wood are also divided into several types:

• With water circuit. Large rooms are warmed up qualitatively, since the water type of the circuit is connected to heating radiators.
• No outline. They are equipped with a afterburner and a plate deflector. Primary air masses kindle fuel, secondary air is supplied to the afterburner.

The long-burning system allows you to operate the furnace with one tab for 3-8 hours.

The design and principle of operation of the wood-burning stove

The modern type of wood heaters consists of a chamber for filling fuel, cast-iron grates, an ash pan for collecting residual firewood, a chimney for removing residual gases. Lumber is placed in the fuel compartment and set on fire. The combustion reaction promotes the formation of high temperature gases. They, heading along the pipe, heat the walls of the device, which transfer heat to the room. The heating rate depends on the case material.

To support the fire in the furnace compartment, a blower flap and a smoke damper are used. They are opened to a greater or lesser extent. With the access of excess air, the heat transfer of the structure decreases, and soot quickly appears in the chimney.

With a standard stove, a house or a summer house will be heated on average in 5 hours.

Specifications

The technical parameters of wood heaters depend on the material and the manufacturer. Since brick structures are most often constructed in private houses, it is advisable to consider their parameters:

• comfortable room temperature - +23 degrees;
• thickness of convection screen (if available) - 30-40 mm;
• scope of operation - heating, cooking, additional heating;
• weight - from 250 kg without metal parts;
• type of foundation - solid, strip;
• the size of the metal sheet in front of the furnace is at least 30x40 cm;
• section of the chimney - from 140x140 mm to 200x270 mm;
• thermal power - from 3.5 to 14 kW.

For the bath, you can build a mini-stove that runs on wood, with the following characteristics:

• heat transfer - 12.1 kW;
• width - 50.5 cm;
• height to the pipe - 72.5 cm;
• the depth of the furnace compartment is 73.7 cm;
• weight - 360-370 kg.

The efficiency of the finished unit will be 70-75%.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of operating wood-burning stove models include:

• universality - suitable for cooking and heating;
• ease of adjusting the intensity of fuel combustion;
• the ability to create a comfortable temperature in a large house;
• ease of installation of finished devices and the construction of brick;
• minimum amount of emissions of harmful substances;
• durability of a design;
• high efficiency - for models with long-term combustion systems reaches 82%.

The minus of the units is the use of only one type of fuel and the complexity of building brick modifications for beginners.

Nuances of choosing a heater

When choosing a wood stove, it is necessary to take into account working conditions, the specifics of the material, financial costs and personal preferences. Before buying a unit, you should pay attention to the following points:

• Brick structures are characterized by high heat dissipation, but require financial investments in construction. Pig-iron warm the room well and are installed without a foundation.
• Functional heating and cooking models are equipped with several hobs and an oven.
• Pyrolysis devices provide complete combustion of fuel.
• The optimum wall thickness of the furnace with a water circuit is from 75 mm.
• In the unit with automatic loading of fuel, lumber of 10-15 cm in thickness is laid.
• Cooking and heating facilities due to low efficiency are suitable for rooms up to 25 m2.
• If you have a sauna or bath, stop at the heater.
• The safest type of firebox is closed.
• For versions with an oven, it is easier to connect an expansion tank and heat exchangers.

Wood stoves require careful maintenance and compliance with operating conditions.

Installation Recommendations

During the installation of the heating device, several rules must be observed:

• Do not place flammable objects or explosive liquids near the heated area.
• A collapsible chimney type is best cleaned from soot.
• A suitable chimney diameter is approximately 15 cm, length 5 cm.
• The chimney is equipped with an adjustment flap.
• To protect against burns, it is better to perform shielding from brick. Masonry will also prevent overheating of the walls and will accumulate heat.
• The floor surface of combustible materials is protected by a foundation.

Complete instructions contain detailed installation instructions.

Terms of Use

A fireplace, a small stove for a bathhouse, or a model with a steam generator that runs on wood should not create fire situations. The operation of wood heaters provides:

1. Installation next to the furnace compartment of a metal sheet 2 mm thick. The length of the protective product is 30 cm, the output beyond the brick structure is 15 cm.
2. Installation of flue systems for metal structures made of materials resistant to acids.
3. Use for the firebox of dry firewood stored indoors.
4. A tight fuel bookmark - thick lumber is on top.
5. Use for ignition of thin dry twigs.
6. Stacking of firewood with a gap of 1/5 of the height of the firebox to the arch.

The second batch of fuel can be laid in at least 1 hour, for models of long-term combustion - after 3-4 hours.

Popular wood stove models

In order not to waste time and money on the construction of a massive brick structure, you can purchase a ready-made stove, heating-cooking or bath modification. In the domestic market, several brands are popular.

Burelyan

Canadian device with air duct heating system. A powerful oven is suitable for installation in a house, utility room, workshop, garage. It works on all types of solid fuels, with the exception of coal. Heats up in 10-15 minutes, the second laying of firewood can be done in 8-10 hours.

Brenaran

The Russian brand that released the AOT-08 model. The floor-standing wood burning unit is equipped with a continuous combustion system. It is installed in residential buildings, workshops, workshops. A 50 liter firebox, which is suitable for heating a space of 140 m2. Thermal power is 8 kW, the second loading of firewood is carried out after 10-12 hours.

Professor Butakov

Noteworthy design features are a rectangular case, an internal firebox, the presence of a pyrolysis afterburner and convection pipes. The air supply is regulated by a damper. The line includes 4 devices:

• Student with a power of 9 kW and a 60 liter firebox.
• Engineer - equipped with a 120-liter firebox, has a power of 15 kW.
• Associate Professor - a stove with a thermal power of 25 kW and a furnace capacity of 250 liters.
• Professor - power equals 40 kW, a furnace with a volume of 500 liters.

The cooking surface is flat, suitable for heating food.

Thermophore

The Russian brand that produces convection units of the Fire-Battery brand. The selection of the unit is carried out according to several parameters:

• Fire Battery 5 - with a width of 37 cm, a length of 55.5 cm and a height of 76 cm, has a power of 6 kW. Designed for heating rooms with a volume of 100 cubic meters and an area of ​​60-70 squares.
• Fire-Battery 7 - differs from the previous model in length (68 cm), power (10 kW). Qualitatively heats the house on 100-110 m2 and a room with a volume of 150 m3.
• Fire-Battery 9 - power is 13 kW. The length of the device is 80.5 cm. It is installed in houses of 130-10 squares and rooms of 200 cubic meters.
• Fire-Battery 11 - 93 cm long modification. Designed for heating a space of 250 m3 in volume and an area of ​​160-170 squares.

The digital index in the name of the Fire-Battery stoves indicates the number of convection pairs.

Vira

Heat-resistant steel heaters with elongated housing and convection shielding. The furnace is trapezoidal, the chimney 115mm in diameter is located in the center or near the front. The lineup includes models:

• Nika 10. Displacement of the chimney to the front wall improves heat transfer. The sauna stove is designed for a steam room of 10 m3 in volume. The weight of the stones is 28 kg.
• Vira 12. A classic device for a sauna with a volume of 12 cubic meters. The shutter, depending on the configuration, is made of metal or panoramic glass. The weight of the stones for the bookmark is from 41 to 50 kg, the length of the logs is from 40 to 50 cm.
• Castle 18. The complex shape of the chimney tooth increases the efficiency of the furnace by 4-5%. Walls in the back and in front are detachable, the firebox is of a remote type. Designed for a steam room 18 cubic meters. Stones weighing 48 kg and firewood 50 cm in length are laid in the oven.
• Nova 12. It is equipped with a heater without sharp angles connected to the front wall. Suitable for 8-12 m3 steam rooms. The maximum weight of stones is 37 kg.

The manufacturer also produces devices with steam generators equipped with a closed heater.

A variety of modern wood-burning stoves allows you to choose an option for heating and cooking, installation in a bath or sauna. Devices differ in case materials, power indicators and fuel combustion duration. Among the auxiliary functions, a stove bench, hob, water circuit and oven are popular.