The country house needs the installation of heating equipment, especially if people live in it all year round. Using a long-burning furnace, you can effectively heat the room. The best choice for a summer residence is a multifunctional device that allows you to maintain a comfortable temperature and cook food. Such a device is a long-burning wood stove. A wide range allows you to choose a model for any premises.
Operating principle
Long-burning devices are more efficient in operation and more economical in operation than classical metal furnaces. Convenience and efficiency are associated with fuel - heating a house is done from one bookmark of firewood.
Such devices work on the principle of afterburning of pyrolysis gases. This allows you to use less wood, and the heat will remain for a long time. To create the necessary conditions in the fireplace, after ignition of the fuel, the lower channel is closed. Through it, air ceases to flow, because of which the smoldering process begins. As a result, pyrolysis gas is released, which then enters the afterburner. There, under the influence of secondary air, a gas ignites with high heat transfer. Soot completely burns out, flue gases are discharged through a chimney. As a result, complete combustion of all combustible substances occurs with maximum benefit.
Phased furnace operation algorithm:
- Putting fuel in the chamber. Thin chips are placed on thick logs for quick ignition.
- Ignition of the furnace using paper.
- Primary air supply shut off after flame formation at the top.
- Complete furnace closure. The gate valve on the primary air access channel opens slightly so that a small amount of air mass gets into the chamber.
- Opening of the secondary air supply channel.
The furnace operating time, depending on the model and the amount of firewood, is 6-12 hours.
The main types of furnaces for long burning
There are two options for long-burning furnaces - devices with and without a water circuit. The former are used in residential premises and can heat a large area. The second are smaller and able to heat small houses.
Models with a water circuit require the creation of a strapping and installation of the necessary devices. From the furnace, pipes are routed to radiators. The cost of such models is higher, since you will need to buy additional accessories. But thanks to the presence of a water circuit, you can save on fuel, since to heat several batteries you need to melt only one furnace.
For small country and private houses, as well as garages and other non-residential premises, a conventional stove without a water circuit is enough. It has compact dimensions and is able to heat the entire structure.
Heater design
Long-burning furnaces have a similar design, regardless of model. Among the main elements:
- Combustion chamber. Firewood is stacked in it.
- Primary air supply channel. Needed to support wood decay.
- Secondary gas afterburner chamber.
- The partition between the combustion chamber and the gas afterburner.
- Branch pipe. It is used for installation of the chimney.
- Oven door with heat resistant glass. They are transparent, so through them you can look at the fire and control the combustion process.
The design of the furnace with a water circuit:
- Firebox.
- Water jacket.It is placed around the combustion chamber.
- Grate. It is necessary for primary heat extraction during smoldering.
- Firebox door.
- Door for periodic cleaning of ash.
- Gate valve regulating the supply of primary air to the combustion chamber.
- Gate valve for supplying secondary air to the gas afterburner.
- Ashpit.
- Pipe for installing the chimney pipe.
- Flange for connecting the return pipe of the heating system.
- Flange for heat transfer pipe.
- Housing with a layer of thermal insulation. Not available on all models.
- Additional heat exchanger. Also, not every type of long-burning stoves has it.
- Channels, cavities of the internal circuit with a coolant.
Models for heating with a water circuit have a more complex design. This is due to the additional function of heating and supplying water to the heating system.
Varieties of furnaces
Manufacturers offer a wide range of diverse solid-fuel long-burning furnaces. They vary in installation method and functionality. Each model is equipped with a passport with a drawing and description of all parts of the furnace, as well as its characteristics.
Cast iron and steel devices are distinguished by the material of manufacture. Steel can be made of ordinary black or stainless steel. A number of models combine units and parts from both materials.
Types of furnaces by functionality:
- Heating appliances. Designed for home heating only.
- Heating and cooking. They have an oven in their design.
- Models with a water tank. They can warm water.
- Multifunctional appliances with all of the options listed.
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- Cooking
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- Heating
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- With water tank
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- Universal
Classification by installation location:
- Corner They are compact. They can be placed in the corner in a small room.
- Wall. There are both heating and multifunctional. They can be mounted in the kitchen and in the living room. They have different designs, so it’s easy to choose a product for the interior of the room.
In addition to power and functional features, devices can be selected in shape, appearance, size. Ovens are produced by many companies. In the ratings, the leading places are occupied by devices from Russian companies Teplodar, Siberia, Termal, from foreign brands Bosch, MBS Vesta and Finnish NunnaUuni.
Advantages and disadvantages
Long-burning furnaces have been used by many owners for over a dozen years. This is due to their positive aspects:
- High efficiency. For heating one firebox is enough. With the right settings and good insulation of the building, the optimum temperature can be maintained all day.
- Simplicity and ease of use and adjustment.
- Simple installation, which can be done independently.
- Compactness.
- A wide range of.
- The power of some models allows you to heat an impressive area of the house.
- Aesthetic appearance.
- High level of security.
- Unpretentiousness. It is necessary to clean the ash pan once every few days from burning residues. The chimney is cleaned once or twice a year.
The service life is usually 10 years. But subject to the operating conditions and preventive cleaning of the chimney pipes, the usage time may increase.
The main disadvantages:
- If the settings are incorrect, pyrolysis can be ineffective. To fix this, you need to adjust the operating mode.
- The need for insulation of the chimney. Otherwise, soot will form on the pipes, which clogs the chimney and interferes with the removal of combustion products.
- Fuel requirements are met. Firewood must be dry so that the process runs efficiently. Residual humidity should not exceed 20%.
Buyers are scared by the price of such devices. But it is offset by a simple installation that you can do with your own hands, as well as low fuel consumption. With the right choice, a slow burning stove can warm a large room.
Mounting Features
The owner of the furnace must understand how much work he needs to perform and what conditions to observe for proper operation. First of all, you need to choose the installation location. The main difficulty lies in the massiveness of some models, so the assistance of another person may be required for carrying and installation.
It is important to be able to correctly calculate the power of a long burning furnace. An approximate ratio shows that for every 10 sq.m. Thermal power of about 1 kW will be required. This ratio is approximate and does not take into account the characteristics of the premises and the region of residence.
When installing in a wooden house, the following is also taken into account:
- The furnace should be closed. Its temperature should not exceed 400 ° C.
- The outer surface of the chimney should not be heated more than 85 ° C.
When choosing the installation location, the height of the ceilings and the location of the floor beams are taken into account. The latter is important if the chimney is discharged through the roof. The pipe should be at a distance of 150 mm or more from the floor beams.
The installation site must first be prepared. If a wooden floor with a thickness of up to 20 mm is installed on the floor in the room, it is recommended to equip a concrete base for the furnace. The walls nearby can be insulated - for example, using ceramic tiles, bricks, stone and other heat-resistant materials.
All installation steps must be monitored using the building level for a smooth installation of the device. The walls of the chimney must be sealed with heat-resistant plastic.
