A private house should be not only beautiful, but also comfortable. It has many advantages over an apartment, but also needs heating in the winter. Heating a country house can be organized in different ways, using energy-saving technologies. There are many heating systems for a building, but in order to choose the most effective, you need to consider their features.
Types of coolant systems
When choosing the heating of a country house, the options should fully satisfy the requirements of the climate zone. Since a private building cannot be connected to a centralized highway, you have to mount an individual network.
Stove
Air or stove heating is provided with a stove or fireplace. This method is often used in country or country houses, but it has lost its relevance. The heat generator is heated from the inside, heat transfer occurs through the area of the heating surface. The fuel in this case is coal, firewood or electricity.
They refuse this type of heating, since the heat generator is too bulky, the coefficient of air heating is low. The stove is a local heating device and it cannot fully provide heat to the whole house.
Gas
A gas boiler for a country house is the best solution if you have access to the gas main. This type of fuel is cheaper than electricity or diesel fluid. It is environmentally friendly, heating equipment is easy to use and equipped with automation. However, gas is an explosive substance, therefore, when using the boiler, it must be handled with care.
On diesel
Autonomous heating in those regions that are not gasified is carried out by diesel fuel. To burn it, a boiler is required, which can be standard, low-temperature, condensation or multi-fuel. In addition to diesel fuel, it is allowed to use vegetable oils, mining, liquefied gas. A heat exchanger and a special burner for flammable liquid are installed in the boiler. The disadvantage of this option is the need to organize a separate boiler room, as well as a place to store fuel. Such systems are not too cheap.
On electricity
The electrical system is used for heating the house and for floor heating. With this design, you can connect heated towel rails in the bathroom. The system is expensive, but relatively safe. Installation of the heater requires a separate line and permission from the relevant services.
Solid fuel boiler
It is possible to heat a house with firewood, coal or pellets if it is not possible to conduct gas or use liquid fuels. Often, a solid fuel boiler is installed in addition to other types in order to reduce the cost of space heating. It will provide the home with heat in severe frosts.
Equipment for a separate boiler room is not always required, but it is necessary to allocate a separate place for storing fuel materials.
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- Gas wall equipment
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- Diesel engine
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- Electric induction boiler
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- Solid fuel boiler
Heating system components
To heat a country house, you need an option that will fully satisfy the requirements of a particular building.It is necessary to take into account the number of storeys of the house, the availability of a particular type of fuel, the cost of system equipment.
Boiler rooms
For the effective functioning of autonomous heating structures, a heat generator is required - a boiler. It can be floor or wall. The boiler room consists of the following components:
- separate room / building;
- boiler (gas, liquid or solid fuel, electric);
- burners and equipment designed for the selected fuel;
- circulation pumps;
- heat exchange system;
- automation, as well as safety and control units;
- devices for water purification and preparation;
- chimney;
- expansion tank.
Manufacturers produce ready-made modular units that are fully equipped. Simply connect them to the pipeline in the house and start.
Radiator heating system
The basis of any heating system is a boiler. It heats the coolant that moves through the pipes and gives off heat to the radiators. For forced movement of fluid, a circulation pump is included in the system. In addition to these components, the structure of the design includes pipes, batteries, an expansion tank, connecting fittings, and safety valves.
Electric, water underfloor heating system
The design of the water heated floor contains a pipe circuit and a distribution unit. The last component includes a set of valves that block closed pipelines laid on the floor according to a certain pattern. Here you can not do without a pump that provides forced movement of the coolant.
A mixer is used to separate the hot fluid stream from the cooled water. The distribution unit is sold ready-made or it can be assembled independently from individual parts. Installation requires a manifold cabinet.
Electric heated floors consist of the following components:
- heating elements: resistive cable, infrared film, rods;
- thermostat;
- thermal sensor;
- copper wire.
In a country house, heating with the help of a warm floor becomes a salvation, since it usually has small dimensions and quickly warms up.
External heating system
Such systems are designed for surfaces outside the home. Usually they are collector beam. The collector is a compact distribution comb, which includes built-in flow indicators and control inserts. The pipe circuit is laid in a hidden way as close to the ceiling as possible. To prevent airing of the structure, air vents are installed on the system.
Alternative energy sources
If bottled gas is too expensive or inaccessible, alternative heat sources can be used. They can not completely replace traditional heating, but they can reduce the total cost of heating a country house.
Wind generators
Wind generators are not able to directly heat the room. However, they produce electricity that can be used for heating purposes. Such installations are operational only in those regions where strong winds are frequent. For their correct operation, converters, electric generators and batteries are needed.
Solar thermal collectors
The principle of operation of the devices is simple: a special radiator is exposed to the sun. It connects with high capacity. As the fluid inside the radiator heats up, it transfers its heat to the tank. It is better to use vacuum tanks in which you can achieve the effect of "thermos".
The advantage of antifreeze is that when it is used, there is no risk of battery freezing if the winter is too cold. It withstands temperatures up to -70 degrees. Since the liquid oxidizes over time, its replacement is periodically required.
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- Solar panels
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- Wind generators
Design and installation of heating a country house
To design a heating system, you need special knowledge and skills. The necessary operational characteristics and building features are taken into account: number of storeys, material used in construction, the presence of a layer of insulation. Additional calculations require the connection of other objects: a garage, technical buildings. Design consists of the following stages:
- Determination of the amount of thermal energy received.
- The choice of heat generator and radiators.
- Collection and connection of the pipeline with batteries.
- Determination of the type of coolant.
- The choice of wiring diagrams.
Installation is carried out according to a pre-compiled scheme. After connecting all the parts, the design functionality is checked.
Additional aspects of choosing a heating of a country house
To choose the right system, you need to consider which fuel is available and appropriate for use in each particular case, which heat generator is suitable for cost and ease of maintenance. When choosing such aspects are taken into account:
- type of fuel;
- type of heating equipment;
- the availability of pipes and valves, control elements;
- installation features;
- the complexity and cost of maintenance, repair and maintenance.
The choice of heating depends on various factors. But if it is done correctly, the design will provide heat to the entire house, while being economical.
