Before starting work on removing sewers from a private house, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules and standards of such a process. Depending on the type of foundation of the house, the following recommendations for sewage should be observed:
- for a monolithic base, sewage is carried out until the concrete mortar is poured;
- if the base structure is tape, then the withdrawal and laying of sewer pipes is also carried out before pouring the concrete tape (if it is a monolithic tape variety). For a strip foundation of another type, for example, a prefabricated one, it is possible to lay sewer pipes after building the foundation;
- for a columnar or pile variety, installation and withdrawal of sewer pipes is allowed both before the construction of the foundation and after completion of construction.
Rules and regulations depending on the foundation
Details of the requirements and standards can be found in SNIP 2.04.03-85. The rules that need to be considered in the process of withdrawing sewage are indicated below:
- An important point in the installation is to observe the exact angle of the pipeline. If pipes are used for the construction, the diameter of which is 50-80 mm, then the slope should be 2 cm per 1 m of the length of the pipeline. With a pipe diameter of 80 to 100 mm, a slope of 3 cm is maintained;
- to connect the toilet bowl and the riser use pipes whose diameter is 100 mm;
- the drain pipes, which are removed from the kitchen sink or dishwasher, are required to install a grease trap;
- for several-story private houses, you need to choose pipes with a diameter of 100-110mm;
- the sewer riser must have special hatches for cleaning pipes;
- the best option for a private house is the construction of one riser, to which the branches of the internal sewage are connected;
- the outlet point of the sewer from a private house is determined depending on the location of the prefab well. The latter, according to the requirements of SNIP, is built in the lowest place on the site;
- you need to output the sewage pipeline through that wall, which is located closer to the well.
Design and Preparation
In order to build a sewage system in accordance with the requirements and standards, to connect all the elements correctly, it is necessary at the preparatory stage to optimally select all the elements and draw a plan of the entire system. To do this, take the following steps:
- determine the installation location of each element of plumbing in the house in accordance with the requirements and standards;
- to design a way to connect plumbing in the sewage system;
- choose the method by which sewage will be discharged (gravity or pressure). In the first case, it will be necessary to calculate the angle of inclination of the pipeline;
- in order to determine the optimum pipe diameter, the power level of each plumbing device is evaluated. Most often, pipes with a diameter of 32 mm are used. For large private houses, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used and a sewage system is laid under the foundation;
- find the best place to install risers and fan pipes. This must be done in such a way that pressure compensation occurs in the system;
- determine the depth to which sewer pipes will fit. It is calculated according to the following formula: add to the value of the depth of freezing of the soil 40 cm, which are required for the construction of a pillow (sand, gravel, gravel).
It is important when designing a sewage system to minimize the number of corners. The smaller the angle system, the lower the risk of blockages in such places.
Sewage outlet
The sewage withdrawal technology depends on the type of foundation of a private house.For a columnar base variety, the process is as follows:
- they dig a trench depending on the diameter of the pipes, based on the prepared plan drawing of the sewage system;
- the size of the trench should be wider by 15-20 cm on both sides than the sewer pipe;
- I need to select the location of the trench, I start from finding the pillars of the foundation. It is impossible to prevent the weakening of the soil around the supports, as this leads to a decrease in their bearing capacity;
- then they lay pipes through the columnar foundations in which a hole is made corresponding to the diameter of the pipe;
- the area of the element that is in the foundation element is covered with roofing material and the hole is closed with cement mortar. But it is better to use a special sleeve in which the pipe is placed;
- if the laying of sewer pipes is carried out under a thick base, then it will be necessary to provide good thermal insulation to the pipeline or additionally conduct a cable heating element.
As for the strip foundation, the sewage system is carried out in accordance with the type of foundation:
- with a shallow foundation, a pipeline below the freezing level of the soil is required. A trench is excavated before the construction of the tape. An element of the sewage system, which will be located under the foundation, is placed in a sleeve represented by a piece of metal pipe;
- to base the deep laying of the tape variety, you will need to saw through the hole in the formwork and insert a sleeve of asbestos cement or steel into it. After that, it is fixed and poured with cement. In the future, communication pipes are connected.
- If the installation of sewage is carried out after pouring the strip foundation, the work can be carried out in two ways:
- make a dig under the base through which to drain the waste system;
- drill a hole in the concrete tape.
Preference is given to the first method if the foundation has a large thickness. To dig a trench, a drill is used. It is brought under the base, adjusting the depth and angle of the output.
The construction of the sewage system according to the second method (drilling holes) is the following process:
- mark the places on the tape in which the elements of the sewage system will pass;
- the size of the holes should be optimal for installing a protective sleeve in them;
- using a puncher, holes come out;
- if the foundation has reinforcing bars, then they can be drilled with a drill;
- install a sleeve into the holes and fix it with a cement mortar;
- insert a sewer pipe;
- the remaining space between the sleeve and the pipe is filled with foam.
The easiest way to remove the sewer in a house with a monolithic base. This will require:
- in accordance with the layout of the elements of the sewerage, dig trenches;
- install in the appropriate places sleeves for the pipeline;
- pipe laying in installed sleeves.
It is not recommended to build a sewer structure without using sleeves. Such an element prevents the pressure of the plate on the pipeline and does not allow the pipes to collapse. If an emergency occurs, for example, it will burst the pipe, then it will not be difficult to carry out a replacement. It is enough to remove the damaged element and replace it with a new one. It is recommended to give preference to sleeves made and especially durable materials.
