How to make a sewer pit in a private house with your own hands

To build an effective cesspool in a private house with your own hands, you must carefully follow the technology of work and choose the right materials. In this case, the created sewage system will cope with the tasks and will work for a long time without any failures.

Types and arrangement of structures

Cesspools can be filtration (absorbing) or airtight. The structures of the first type absorb the collected wastewater into the soil. Subsequently, they are processed by microorganisms into environmentally friendly organic compounds. Sealed collectors require periodic cleaning and removal of sewage waste.

Cesspools without pumping are equipped with side walls and a slab. At the same time, there is no bottom in the structure. The lower part of the collector is covered with a layer of rubble that performs a filtration function. Large particles are retained on the surface, and smaller ones are absorbed into the soil. The walls of the absorbing drain pits are perforated. This significantly increases the absorbency of the structure.

Overlapping prevents debris from entering the pit and freezing sewage. It makes it impossible to spread the unpleasant odor in the area. In the ceiling there is a small hatch. It is necessary to monitor the fullness of the cesspool and for its maintenance.

Sealed wells are equipped with a waterproof bottom and walls. For efficient operation, collectors of this type are equipped with a ventilation riser. To prevent the appearance of an unpleasant odor, sealed cesspools are used with special bacterial agents. They recycle waste into water and sediment.

Design and calculations

To make a sewer pit in a private house or in the country with your own hands, you need to carefully approach the choice of its location. It is important to determine the construction of the structure, the necessary materials and the technology for the execution of work.

The standards allow the construction of a cesspool of sewage far from residential buildings (at a distance of 5 m), fences, drinking wells (at least 25 m). It is not recommended to equip the structure at the lowest point on the site. During the flood, there is a high probability of contamination of groundwater with harmful substances.

The volume of the collector depends on the number of residents and the duration of their stay in a private house. For one person, 0.5-2 cubic meters of a cesspool is necessary.

When choosing the volume of the structure, it is recommended to make it equal to or a multiple of the capacity of the scavengers. This will help to reduce the cost of waste collection, since for each departure of the machine you need to pay extra. Also, a cesspool must be made in a place where free access to the sewer is provided.

Tools and materials

To build a sewage collector with your own hands, you need to prepare a brick, finished rings or car tires. When choosing a monolithic design, formwork panels, concrete mix (home-made or finished), reinforcement are used.

To perform the work, you will also need such materials:

• cement, sand to obtain a solution;
• crushed stone for arrangement of the filter layer;
• reinforcement for overlapping;
• finished hatch, corners and a sheet of metal for its manufacture;
• waterproofing.

To perform the work, shovels, buckets, a container for preparing the solution are prepared.For masonry, you need a trowel, a hammer, a level, a suspension. With a large volume of concrete work, it is recommended to use a concrete mixer.

Self-installation of a cesspool for a private house

For the construction of a sewage collector, various technological schemes are used. At the beginning of the work, a pit is excavated, which must correspond to the size of the cesspool.

Brick building

For the construction of the collector, a red solid brick is used, best burned. Silicate products are undesirable due to their high absorbency.

Work execution technology:

1. The bottom of the pit is covered with 50 cm of crushed stone or concreted (depending on the tightness of the structure).
2. Perform wall masonry. The collector may have a round, square or rectangular shape. Installation of a sealed container is carried out with a thorough clogging of the joints with cement-sand mortar. For the manufacture of pits without pumping between the bricks provide slots for leakage of fluid.
3. A hole for connecting the sewer pipe is left in the masonry.
4. The upper cut of the walls should be 20-30 cm below the level of the site. After the completion of the masonry, the formwork is equipped and the ceiling is poured.

The finished plate is covered with soil, which is carefully tamped. In areas with harsh climates, the soil layer should be 50-60 cm thick to prevent freezing of the sewage system.

Reinforced concrete wastewater well

To obtain a cesspool, it is recommended to adhere to a simple technology:

1. At the bottom of the pit, a layer of crushed stone is poured, concrete is poured, or a factory reinforced concrete slab is installed.
2. Mount 2-3 rings on the finished base. To achieve the required level, several rows of bricks are laid.
3. The hole for the pipe in the concrete wall is made using a punch.
4. To obtain a sealed structure, the joints between the rings are sealed with a solution, the outer surface is glued with sheets of bitumen, the inner is plastered.

A reinforced concrete slab is mounted on the finished well and covered with a layer of soil.

Monolithic reinforced concrete collector

Concrete cesspool provides high tightness. To obtain a collector, a screed 10 cm thick is added to the bottom with additional reinforcement. Waterproofing is laid on the side surfaces of the pit, after which an armo-belt and a crate are installed. Be sure to mount mortgages to obtain holes for pipes.

When pouring concrete, it is tamped. This will increase the strength of the created structure. After the completion of the walls, they go on to fill the floor.

Tire sewer pit

To obtain the construction, products from heavy vehicles or buses are used. It will take at least 8 tires that are mounted on top of each other in a pit. The gap between the walls of the pit and the collector is covered with fragments of brick, but. An overlap is installed in the pit and a soil layer is laid.

Common installation errors

When arranging cesspools, the following should be avoided:

• install filtration wells with a high level of groundwater - this will lead to contamination of the drinking source;
• to make the construction insufficiently bulky - as a result, the costs of its maintenance and waste removal by waste machines increase;
• weak strengthening of the walls of the pit during the installation of the well, which leads to their destruction;
• too close the location of the collector to residential buildings - this leads to the appearance of an unpleasant odor, which is impossible to get rid of.

It is important to bring the sewer pipe from the house to the cesspool under a slight slope. This will increase the efficiency of the system and prevent waste stagnation.