The wastewater treatment system for a country house or cottage, which does not need time for frequent maintenance and pumping of human waste products, makes living in the house more comfortable. Mini treatment plants are divided into several varieties, each characterized by individual characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
The principle of operation and the device of local treatment facilities for a private house
Septic tanks and treatment facilities for summer cottages and country houses are called local treatment systems (VOCs). These are modern designs that are equipped with special volatile equipment, pumping stations and other additional components. By types of treatment facilities are:
- Septic tanks - a design consisting of one tank, inside equipped with a partition. This equipment has compact dimensions and everything necessary for efficient operation. With their help, it is possible to sediment household and household waste. The design is additionally equipped with a filtration system.
- Aerotank is an open container of a rectangular shape, in which sedimentation and purification of household waste is carried out. These innovative designs can trap even heavy particles, fats and oil products. Aerotank is installed at the construction stage of the water supply and sanitation system. Visually, the design has compact dimensions and is built into the cleaning system itself.
- The biofilter is an integral component of the first two structures. It is actively used to clean the local sewer line, because due to the large number of special bacteria and microorganisms, deep wastewater treatment is carried out.
Each system has four stages of domestic waste treatment - mechanical, biological, physico-chemical and after-treatment.
- The task of machining is to perform the functions of primary centralized sewer highways. This stage is accompanied by a fence of foreign objects. Further, all the garbage penetrates into special compartments, where it is chopped. The purified liquid that remains after sorting third-party items flows into the next tank, where fats are eliminated.
- The purpose of biological treatment is to transform sewage into water using a specific combination of bacteria and microorganisms. This step also includes several cleaning steps. The essence of the work is the elimination of ammonia nitrogen, nitrates, nitrites and other harmful substances from a liquid.
- The physicochemical stage has much in common with the previous stage. Chemicals neutralize any remaining contaminants that bacteria cannot remove. After passing the physico-chemical stage, the water becomes transparent and clean.
- Post-treatment is the last stage when pure clear water becomes 100% recyclable. This stage includes disinfection and filtration.
The most effective way to cleanse is considered biological.
Selection criteria for autonomous treatment facilities
When choosing VOCs, a large number of factors must be considered. The main selection criteria:
- Budget. If homeowners have limited financial capabilities, it is better to give preference to a septic tank. Its cost is lower than that of VOCs; it does not require large expenditures in maintenance.
- Groundwater feature. If the groundwater level is high on the site, the installation of a septic tank is not possible, since there will be no possibility to additionally install cleaning equipment. In this case, the superiority of local treatment facilities is obvious - at the outlet the water will be clean.
- Features of power supply. If there is a regular power outage or power surges, it is better not to purchase an autonomous sewer. When the entire system stops, filters fail and the entire microflora dies. Repair and refueling with microflora are procedures that require tangible financial investments.
- Seasonal accommodation. If homeowners do not live in the house all year, it is better to give preference to a septic tank. Long interruptions in work adversely affect the performance of treatment facilities.
After analyzing these points, you can easily give preference to a particular equipment.
AOS design
The most common sewage treatment plant in country houses is a septic tank. It is a sealed container and, in fact, is only a small part of an integrated system for the treatment of household waste.
The relevant departments have developed rules for the installation and use of such structures in personal plots. When designing a system of equipment, they are placed at a distance of at least 5 meters from the foundation of the house and other buildings and at least 20 meters from the well or well.
Factors that are necessarily taken into account when designing sewage treatment plants at personal plots of country houses and cottages:
- The number of people living in the house. Based on the number of inhabitants, you can calculate the required capacity. The more people and the more often they leave household waste, the more and more productively the system is required.
- The total area of the household territory and the site for the installation of equipment. As a rule, autonomous treatment facilities require a lot of space.
- Volley collection - the amount of waste that can process equipment.
- Availability and characteristics of energy supply. For continuous and efficient operation of the systems, constant access to the power grid is required.
- Productivity and capacity of equipment, characterized by the volume of processed waste per unit of time.
- Depth of sewerage line. In this case, it is important to analyze all the design features of the equipment.
To draw up a project, it is recommended to contact construction companies that immediately take into account all the necessary subtleties and nuances.
Installation Steps
At the end of the preparatory work, it remains to build and implement a treatment plant. As a rule, the installation of the entire system when two people work takes 2 days.
Stages of installation of cleaning equipment:
- Find a place for equipment, mark on the site.
- Make a recess in the soil, repeating the size of the station.
- Lower the equipment into the ground.
- Sewer pipes.
The containers should be underground, only the lid remains on the surface. In this case, it is worth taking care of the access of air through the holes of the cleaning system.
