Water from a well or a well is not ideal: it contains various impurities and bacteria. Sometimes they can harm health, cause inconvenience with an unpleasant odor and taste. For life-giving moisture to become clean, tasty and safe, you need a device for a high-quality water purification system from a well for a private house.
The need for purification of well water
Due to climatic and geological features, large volumes of dissolved iron, hardness salts, chlorine, and magnesium enter the subsoil waters, which can penetrate the well through microcracks in the casing, with precipitation or as a result of overflows due to floods.
If the well is shallow, there is a risk of contamination of the liquid with nitrates, pesticides, pathogenic microorganisms.
In deep artesian wells, the water is cleaner. But even there there is a danger of penetration of hydrogen sulfide compounds and salts of heavy metals from tightly plugged formations.
Due to water suspensions on plumbing and household appliances, rust spots and scale are formed, which causes aesthetic damage and leads to damage to the devices. Most of the impurities are not fatal, but if they get into the source of fluid from the water trap, infection with pathogenic microorganisms that cause intestinal diseases is possible. Nitrates in the water from the well, which can provoke anemia and malignant formations, are also dangerous. Hydrogen sulfide is harmful - it can cause serious poisoning.
Most often, pollution occurs due to such factors:
- close proximity of the well with a country toilet, septic tank, bathhouse, cesspool or cemetery;
- discharge into the soil of household chemicals;
- high concentration of fertilizers for the garden.
To obtain clean drinking water, it will be necessary to install equipment for cleaning the liquid from the well from bacteria, iron and hydrogen sulfide, as well as softeners and sorption filters.
The main methods of water purification
Depending on the type of pollutants, a method for cleaning the liquid is selected. Their concentration can be found by examining samples in the laboratory. Water treatment of a private house is performed in four cleaning steps:
- Coarse. Large impurities - sand, sludge, dirt - are captured using mesh or bulk filtration devices.
Aeration column design - Chemical. Suspensions of iron, calcium, manganese and hydrogen sulfide are removed, water is softened. For this, aeration and iron removal columns are used.
- Biological Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation or ozone, water is disinfected from pathogenic microbes.
- Thin. There is a maximum purification by means of ion-exchange devices.
The last two stages are combined in an environmentally friendly reverse osmosis apparatus. However, it will be necessary to install a mineralizer, since the liquid becomes distilled and useless for drinking.
If there is a lot of silt and organic impurities in the water, you can clean it yourself. Citric acid will come to the rescue. It is necessary to fill a few packs of powder in the well shaft and wait a few days, and then pump the well. Along with disinfection, the filters will be cleaned and the flow rate of the hydraulic structure will be restored.
If the folk remedy did not help, you should seek professional help.Specialists will conduct high-quality cleaning of the mine, recommend suitable filters and even mount them on a turnkey basis.
Cleaning systems
Structures for filtering well water perform the following functions:
- Preliminary purification, which involves the removal of coarse impurities from a liquid. For these purposes, mechanical mesh filter elements are typically used. Depending on the size of the cell, the cross-section of the trapped fractions is also determined. But sometimes gravel options are also used. As a result, this reduces wear and tear on equipment, including installations for fine water treatment.
- Adsorption with the elimination of hazardous components, as well as unpleasant aftertaste and odor of liquid. Activated carbon is the best excipient due to the presence of microscopic pores. It is poured into special cartridges that must be replaced with a certain frequency. Perform the functions of sorption and filters with membranes.
- Softening with capture of salts of rigidity, lime, iron. Deferrization and water softening devices operate due to chemicals or on the principle of oxidation of metal impurities that precipitate and are retained by the filter element. In addition to cleaning water from a well or a well in a country house before drinking, the plants are used to protect household appliances from scale and rust.
Ion exchange filter for water purification - Biological cleansing to remove pathogens. Most often, the role of "antibiotics" are ultraviolet cleaners. They are easy to operate and pose no danger to humans and animals. Ultraviolet light destroys pathogenic bacteria, viral agents, protozoa, fungi.
To immediately purify and soften water, ion-exchange plants are used. They are divided into two types: hydrogen and sodium. Salts of heavy metals, traces of radionuclides, as well as harmful nitrates and nitrites pass through treatment devices and are converted into harmless compounds.
The best purification is provided by reverse osmosis columns equipped with nanomembranes, which transmit exclusively water molecules. But the liquid at the outlet is almost distilled, for drinking it must be mineralized. Such plants are often used for industrial purposes, if the industry requires high purity of the raw materials used.
Choosing the Right Wastewater
In order for a water filtration system from a well to suit you, you need to consider the following criteria:
- Qualitative characteristics of the fluid. To determine the types and concentration of harmful impurities, a sample analysis is done in the laboratory. If the water contains an excessive content of coarse suspensions, a filter mesh with large mesh of 400 microns will be required. The use of filters with smaller sizes does not make sense - they will immediately become unusable.
- Volume of water consumption. A person needs 2.5 liters of fluid per day. To calculate the potential consumption, the figure needs to be multiplied by the total number of people living in the house.
- Dimensions of equipment. The technological indicator is proportional to the productivity of the station. When building a new house, it is necessary to take into account where the filter module will be located, especially if it is planned to install a large-scale treatment plant. If the installation will be carried out in an old building, it is worth considering the possibility of a small layout, so that residents are comfortable.
- The presence of automation. The filtering device has two modes of operation - working and regenerative to restore the contents of the cartridges. If the system is not equipped with an automatic switching unit, you will have to do everything manually. Such options are cheaper, but equipment equipped with a special control valve is much more convenient to operate.
You should also consider the costs of acquiring the station itself, its installation and subsequent costs for cartridges and other components.
The preferred option for a water supply system from the well
For a house with permanent residence, the water supply of which is carried out from the well, it is more reasonable to assemble a filter system from the following nodes:
- rough mechanical cleaning unit for removing coarse impurities;
- ultraviolet disinfection device;
- a sorption device based on activated carbon to bleach the liquid, remove stench and unpleasant taste, turbidity and microfragments of organics;
- main electromagnetic softener;
- fine filter.
This is not a required, but preferred, design. The total number of nodes is determined depending on the individual qualities of the water. It is mandatory to install only a coarse filter.
Installation of the system takes place in the following sequence:
- An additional segment is cut into the outlet pipe, to which all of the above nodes are connected.
- A bypass is installed at the insertion point so that the liquid can be routed to the treatment network or shut off during repair or maintenance.
- Additionally, all filters are connected by hoses to a drain valve at the end of the chain, so that it is easier to flush out contaminants.
If we talk about the price of a water treatment system, for example, an aeration column assembly 1054 costs from 8,000 rubles, depending on the manufacturer. If you buy a coarse filter to it, for a well that is not in a contaminated place, this should be enough. You can choose a budget option for a summer residence for 1,500–3,000 rubles with ion-exchange filters, or a simple cheap cartridge for 400 rubles. You can buy these in any retail network, for example, Leroy Merlin.
The cost of the water treatment complex varies from 20,000 to 600,000 rubles. For example, the Russian Akvafor stations with integrated cleaning and aeration unit cost around 130,000 rubles, the Geyser - 99,000 rubles. Analogues of US production EcoWater Systems - about 200,000 rubles.
