To supply water to the house from a borehole or well source, pressure equipment is necessary. Most often they use submersible models, as they are easy to operate and unpretentious. For self-assembly of a water supply system, it is necessary to have an idea of the scheme and features of connecting a submersible pump so that it functions correctly.
How to connect a pump to a well and water supply
Before installing the submersible pump, thorough cleaning of the well shaft is required. For this purpose, using a temporary pump, pump liquid from the column until all sand and impurities are removed. To protect the pressure device from water hammer, a non-return valve must be installed on it.
The pump is connected to the well in the following sequence:
- Mount the pipeline. When connecting the pump to a rigid pipe between it and the main line that transfers water to the consumer, it is better to insert a small length of flexible hose to dampen the vibration of the electric motor.
- A cable, an electric wire, a hose are connected to the apparatus.
- The device is smoothly lowered into the well.
- When the pump reaches the bottom, it is raised by half a meter-meter.
- The cable is rigidly fixed, the cable is connected to the mains, the hose is connected to the rest of the system and laid in the mounting channels.
A cover should be installed at the wellhead to prevent dirt and foreign objects from entering the shaft.
Wiring diagram
Depending on the needs of the user and his financial capabilities, you can choose one of the methods for connecting the deep pump to the electric network.
Without automation
Without auxiliary control devices, the pump is connected using a pre-mounted electrical outlet with a ground contact. The pump is also grounded. For this, the main bus of the house is used, connected to the existing grounding circuit of the building.
To supply electricity to the outlet, a three-core cable is used. The power supply voltage of the submersible pump is 220V. Do not use outlets with 380 or 150 volts.
The connection method without automation cannot be considered correct. It only represents the general principle of connecting a pressure device for a well. If you do not set the automation that controls the operation of the pumping equipment, it can break at idle.
Via pressure switch
To reduce the cost of a set of pressure equipment, it is possible to apply a connection diagram for a well pump only with a pressure switch without a control unit. The device turns off the pump when the head reaches a maximum, and starts it when the performance decreases to a minimum.
Using the control unit
When choosing an automation model, you first need to find out which protective system is already supplied by the manufacturer in the pump. Modern devices are already protected from overheating and idling. Sometimes the equipment is equipped with a float mechanism. Based on these data, you can choose one of three options for automation - simple, with an electric control unit of the second or third generation.
Simplest protection most often used for automatic water supply. The control unit is assembled from three devices:
- Dry running lock. He will turn off the device, which works without water, preventing overheating.Sometimes additional installation of a float switch is allowed. It performs the same functions, turns off the pumping equipment when the water level drops, preventing its overheating. It may seem that the devices are primitive, but they provide effective protection for the electric motor.
- Hydraulic accumulator. Without it, it will not be possible to provide automatic water supply. The hydraulic tank works as a water store. Inside is a working mechanism - the diaphragm.
- Pressure switch equipped with pressure gauge. This device allows you to configure the operation of relay contacts.
It’s easy to equip pressure equipment with your own hands. The principle of operation of the system is simple: with the flow of water, the pressure in the hydraulic tank decreases. When the minimum value is reached, the relay starts up pressure equipment that pumps water into the reservoir. When the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator reaches its maximum, the relay device turns off the unit. In the process of water consumption, the cycle repeats.
The pressure limits in the accumulator are adjusted by means of a relay. Using the manometer, the minimum and maximum response parameters are set in the device.
The downhole pump can only be started after checking and adjusting the pressure in the reservoir. The indicator should be equal to 0.9 part of the value when turned on.
AT second generation automation connection is via an electrical unit with a set of sensors. They are mounted directly on the pressure equipment, as well as inside the water supply network, and allow the system to function without a hydraulic tank. The pulse from the sensors goes to the electronic unit, which controls the system.
The operation of pressure equipment with such a scheme for connecting a submersible borehole pump to automation:
- Liquid accumulates only in the water supply, where one of the sensors is installed.
- When the pressure drops, the sensor sends an impulse to the control unit, and it starts the pump.
- After reaching the desired pressure of the water flow in the water supply, the pump is turned off according to a similar scheme.
To deliver such automation, you will need basic knowledge in electrical engineering. This and the previous protection work almost the same way - according to the water pressure. However, an electric unit with sensors is more expensive at a cost, which is why it is not so popular among consumers. Even when using automation, you can not use a hydraulic tank, although if there are interruptions in the power supply network with it you will not be left without water. There is always a reserve in the drive.
Third Generation Automation reliable, high-quality and expensive. Its installation allows you to significantly save on electricity due to the highly accurate tuning of the electric motor. The connection scheme of advanced automation to a downhole pump for a well is very complicated, therefore you should consult a professional to connect it. But it provides complete protection of the motor from various breakdowns, for example, overheating during dry running or burning of windings during power surges.
The unit works from sensors without a hydraulic tank. Efficiency is achieved through fine-tuning.
The electric motor of the deep pump at start-up pumps liquid at maximum power, which is not always necessary at low flow rates. The advanced automatic machine starts the engine with the power necessary for the required amount of intake and water flow. This helps to save electricity and prolong the operation of pressure equipment.
Possible errors when connecting equipment
Damage to the pump cannot be avoided with an incorrectly determined height of its suspension. If set too low, small stones or sand will fall into the pump. If, on the contrary, it is too high, it can suck in air.Failure to install a non-return valve has a negative effect on the pressure device. In such a situation, at each start-up, it first fills the vertical pipe with water, and after shutdown, a water hammer acts on it.
As the height of the water rises, the force of the impact increases, so the damage done to the pump will be greater.
Also, a too small cross section of the water supply pipe is not recommended. The operational period will remain unchanged, but this will adversely affect performance. Non-installed electrical protection, especially in areas with voltage surges, can cause the pump to malfunction.
It is better to connect electrical appliances through stabilizers, and complex and expensive electrical equipment through special control and protection stations. The cross-section of the electric wire must be sufficient, otherwise the operating time of the motor will be significantly reduced.
With improper installation of automation and instrumentation, as well as connecting pressure equipment to the well, an accident in the system is inevitable. If you have little knowledge of the topic, it is better to entrust the work to professionals.
