The arrangement of the well only half solves the problem of water supply at home. Pumping equipment must comply with the flow rate of the source, at the same time there is no need to overpay for excess power, because the devices consume electricity. The principle of operation of units pumping water also affects the well’s working capacity - there are models that are not recommended for installation in a narrow casing, as they contribute to siltation of the filter. Well pump selection is carried out according to certain criteria.
Principle of operation and arrangement of pumps for water wells
On sale there is a wide range of models of pumping equipment. An idea may arise to buy the cheapest pump, but it is recommended that you first understand all the modifications of the devices in order to choose the suitable one in all respects:
- lack of excess energy consumption;
- lack of negative impact on well operation;
- presence of protection function;
- suitable size and output.
All pumps for wells and boreholes are divided into submersible and surface. In the first type, the sealed housing is in working condition under water and is cooled due to it. Models are available with lower and upper water intake. For the well, it is better to choose with the top one, as this avoids clogging. Sludge or dirt can accumulate at the bottom of the well, which will fall into the body and bring the unit out of operation. If the liquid level in the source drops significantly, the pump installed at the very bottom will run until the dry-running sensor trips. Equipment with a lower water intake is used for maximum pumping of liquid from flooded areas - basements, lowlands. Sometimes such models are used to clean the source of bottom sediments.
Surface equipment is installed near the well - on a concrete pad or in a caisson. The housing is located separately from the suction element - a hose or pipe. The most common form is a pump station with a hydraulic tank. There are models without a storage tank, to which you can separately buy a tank of any volume. The minus of the station is that it does not pump liquid from a depth of more than 8 meters, so before choosing a unit you need to know the distance to the water mirror, as well as the length of the horizontal line.
According to the principle of operation, about 25 types of pumps are distinguished, but only those that pump clean water without solid inclusions are suitable for wells. Distinguish equipment that better copes with viscous liquids, water containing solid particles or toxic substances. For such purposes, they produce cheap disposable mechanisms that are disposed of immediately after completion of work.
Varieties of submersible pumps according to the principle of operation:
- centrifugal;
- vibrating;
- vortex, as a kind of centrifugal;
- inkjet.
Centrifugal devices
Centrifugal aggregates are the largest group. The process of fluid transfer is due to the blades mounted on the working shaft. Water progressively moves along the walls to the outlet pipe, in the center a region of reduced pressure is created. Unit performance depends on impeller size and speed. To increase power, manufacturers produce multi-stage devices that are small in size, but do well with the task.
Centrifugal pumps can be vertical and horizontal.Vertical ones are capable of pumping liquid with sand and stones. There are double suction models in which water is suitable on both sides - they are more productive than single-sided. You can choose a device with a wet or dry rotor. In the first case, the rotor is in water, which lubricates and cools it; in the second case, there is no contact of the rotor with the liquid. The former do not make a lot of noise during work, for the latter you need a separate room, preferably with sound insulation.
Advantages of centrifugal pumps:
- long term of operation;
- simplicity of construction;
- low cost;
- reliability;
- Do not silt the well.
The disadvantages include increased demands on the purity of water and low productivity.
A type of centrifugal unit is a vortex pump. Their main difference is the fluid flow. In centrifugal flow passes through the walls of the body, in a swirl - along the axis.
Vibrating pumps
Relate to a subspecies of piston devices. Liquid transfer occurs due to a change in pressure that the piston creates. Water is sucked into the working chamber during the low pressure interval and is pushed out as it increases. Translational piston movements occur at a frequency of about 50 times per second.
Benefits:
- there is no need for frequent inspection and lubrication of parts, since there are no moving parts inside;
- high wear resistance due to lack of heating;
- work at any temperature of the pumped-over liquid;
- salts and other dissolved substances do not affect the operation of the device.
Disadvantages:
- not suitable for wells, since vibration enhances the movement of sand and clay, which subsequently settle on the filter and clog it;
- full immersion in sand and cessation of work is possible.
Vibration pumps are often used in wells or for cleaning wells from bottom sediments. If you just need to build a well to pump, the vibration equipment copes well with this task.
Jet pumps
In their design, jet pumps are the simplest. The principle of injection is used - the main fluid flow is mixed with the worker entering through the check valve. The speed of water and pressure increases - the fluid is pushed into the outlet pipe.
The absence of moving parts makes such units durable and reliable. Of the shortcomings - low efficiency. When compared with vibratory or centrifugal - only 30%.
The principle of a jet pump is used in the ejector mechanisms of pumping stations, increasing the depth with which the station can lift water. With the help of an ejector, it increases to 12 - 15 m, although this device is expensive.
Key selection criteria
To choose the right pump for the well, you need to know exactly how far the water mirror is. Surface units work up to 8 meters. Submersible designed for deep sand and artesian wells.
It is necessary to pay attention to the protection sensors - from overheating, idling and power surges. Such nuances increase the life of the pumping equipment if the water in the well suddenly goes down, which is more typical for Abyssinian and sand sources. In artesian wells, the water level is always the same, but such wells are very rare due to the high cost of drilling and a huge package of documents.
Before buying the device, you need to calculate the approximate daily water consumption for each family member and choose the right power.
Pressure is one of the main and important characteristics of the unit. If the pump is located near the house, the horizontal length is not taken into account. If a long line leads to the well, every 10 meters horizontally are counted as 1 meter vertically.
Rating of the best models
In construction supermarkets, customers are offered pump models of domestic and foreign manufacturers.Well established German, Italian and Danish companies producing submersible downhole equipment. All internal parts and the housing are made of expensive durable materials, so the products last a long time and do not need repair. Imported models can be bought without fear, since in Russia there are service centers that fulfill warranty obligations and supply spare parts. Of the most popular - Vilo, Pedrollo, Gardena, Grundfos Optima.
Domestic models are also popular among the population, but are much cheaper. In the ranking of borehole pumps manufactured in Belarus, the first place is occupied by the Rucheek brand, which produces inexpensive, but high-quality units that have recently been conquering the Russian market.
You should carefully treat Chinese goods - there are no high-quality ones among cheap products. Expensive Chinese pumps are durable and reliable, as they are made of durable materials.
Cost of pumping equipment
The cost of devices is primarily influenced by the brand of the manufacturer. Well-known companies offer goods at a higher cost, although similar quality can be found much cheaper.
Technical characteristics - power, water column height, presence of protection sensors, energy consumption class - increase the cost of pumping equipment.
Materials for the manufacture of the case and internal parts is an important indicator for which it is worth overpaying. For example, if the pumping station is in a cold room, condensation will begin to accumulate on it, so the housing must be well protected from moisture. The plastic submersible pump will not last long, therefore self-respecting companies produce such models only in stainless steel. It will cost more, but less money will be spent on repairs.
To the cost of the pump you need to add a high-quality cable and fasteners that will support the weight of the product. Otherwise, it may break off and fall to the bottom.
Owner reviews
Natalya. We made a well in the sand and the first pump was a vibrating kid. But after a year, the water began to flow badly into the house, sometimes it went dirty in the morning. They didn’t know what was the matter. They called an engineer, he advised to remove the vibrations that "muddy" the water and clog the filter. I had to buy a centrifugal Pedrollo. It cost more, but the well has been working properly for 4 years now.
Anton. I advise you to buy imported ones, since everything is fine with the guarantee. They took a pump from a Ukrainian manufacturer, I almost got to court, because they don’t want to fulfill their obligations, they are evading for any reason. I do not advise.
Alexander. They advised in a provincial store a "good" Chinese pump, not cheap. As it turned out later, the same in a supermarket costs three times cheaper and cannot be repaired. He worked for 4 months, the guarantee is fake. They took it back to the seller and gave it away for free - let it use it. We specially went to the regional center and took German, but before that we studied half of the Internet in order to ask smart questions and no longer fall for “businessmen”.
Elena. Our water is high - 2 meters to the mirror, so 5 years ago we installed a pumping station. For all the time there was not a single breakdown. Italians do well. Overpaid for the sensors, but they were not useful, they never worked.
Michael. I sit reading reviews and laughing - 4 months, 5 years. We have Aquarius has been working for 12 years. They repaired, or rather cleaned once. Domestic device, and made in good faith. And China needs to be bought only in large supermarkets and only expensive models - there is a chance that will serve.
