Without a water well or well, it is impossible to organize independent water supply in a private house or in a summer cottage. When creating borehole mines, various tools for drilling are used. It can be a portable device or a small-sized drilling rig. In the presence of suitable materials, the simplest drilling equipment can actually be made by one's own hands.
The purpose of the drill
Do-it-yourself devices or mini-installations are used to create:
- small diameter holes;
- exploratory mines, through which information is obtained on the state of soils, aquifers;
- water wells of shallow depth.
To achieve these goals, enough mobile or handheld devices. To create artesian mines, other technologies are applied - complex in construction and powerful drilling self-propelled mechanisms, usually based on KamAZ trucks. Due to the size, a large area is required for operation. But the depth of the wells that are obtained when using such devices completely compensates for the problems with the volume of occupied space.
Types, principle of operation and device
Portable drilling units are easy to transport and use in a limited space, and their repair and operation does not require special knowledge. Most of the devices are non-volatile, which allows for work in the field or on an unprepared site. The prime cost of running meter of a trunk is low.
All devices for creating shallow wells are divided into three types: percussion, screw and rotary. Each species has its own characteristics.
Shock devices
They are frame triangular structures on a solid base. A flexible cable with a chipper and a chisel is attached to it. The devices are easy to install and reliable in operation, have an increased working resource. With their help, you can punch a large number of wells.
The principle of action is the use of an impact projectile, which under its mass falls down and crushes the soil.
For a tube-shaped shock element up to 2 meters long, the lower edge is sharpened for convenience. To extract crushed earth, use a bailer. A valve device is installed in the pipe that holds loose soil when it rises to the surface.
First, a small hole is made with a hand drill, then drilling is started using the installation. After 2-3 working cycles, the well will be ready. The speed of drilling the mines with such an aggregate is small, and special casing with large diameter pipes will also be required, as a result of which the price of the well rises.
Rotary structures
Machines of this type have significant productivity and allow you to quickly punch quality wells in any soil, even if layers of limestone are present. Structurally, the device consists of a vertical pipe and a rock cutting knife. In the process of its operation, a water stream is supplied to the surface under pressure, which helps soften the earth, and it becomes more malleable. Water is also required to clear the shaft of the shaft.
There are two methods to perform such an operation:
- Water is supplied through the boom, and dirt is removed through the shaft of the well itself.
- The well is filled with water, and dirt is removed through special equipment and pumps.
The latter method is suitable for punching a mine to a depth of 55 meters.
Screw aggregates
Equipped with a drilling auger to extract land. When using them, additional flushing of the hydraulic structure with water is not required. The length of the drill rod together with the screw reaches two meters. If it becomes necessary to increase it, the rod element is increased by adding an extension insert by means of a threaded connection.
Drilling is carried out both manually and automatically. After 2-3 turns, the bar is pulled out and the loosened earth is cleaned from it.
With a large deepening, electromechanical devices that have a drive should be preferred. It will provide a lift and transmit torque to the top of the screw.
The disadvantage in using such an aggregate is the need for a systematic extraction of the rod for cleaning the earth. The method excludes work on soils with increased hardness or loose rocks. Usually auger aggregates are used for punching wells up to 80 m deep.
Flushing Drilling Equipment
The greatest efficiency is achieved when drilling mines with systematic flushing with drilling fluid. It extracts all crushed soil to the surface. For this, equipment is used, which consists of the following elements:
- drill rods with a drill, allowing to crush the earth;
- a drive mechanism for translational movement and rotating the working part;
- a pump with pressure hoses supplying water;
- transition node - swivel, transmitting torque to the tool.
Such an aggregate is used if it is required to break through a rather deep well. Taking into account the composition of the earth, the drilling speed can reach up to 10 m / s.
Mine washing is carried out in a direct way. The solution enters the bar, and, washing all the loose soil, raises it along the shaft. When backwashing, fluid is delivered through the barrel and removed through the rod.
Small-sized drilling rig
MGBU is intended for work in those areas where it is impossible to bring a dimensional drilling rig, and simple portable devices are not powerful enough.
Small-sized drilling rigs for water well drilling are multifunctional and universal. They are equipped with an electric motor, and the presence of electromagnetic starters that distribute and control energy between the motor and the connected circuits ensures uninterrupted operation.
Also in the design of the device are the following mechanisms:
- moisture-proof control panel, which is important when creating aquifers;
- drill - the main element for crushing the soil, reinforced and ordinary, depending on the type of land;
- supporting unit responsible for mounting the rotator;
- casing used to immerse and remove the drill pipe;
- a support fork and a wrench required for unscrewing and subsequent fastening of the column parts;
- conical locks for connecting the elements of the column;
- side racks for stability MGBU.
The device is also equipped with a trolley with adjustable distance, which is used for mounting. In addition, it can withstand various load directions by means of rollers. For vertical lifting mechanism use a winch. Its material and density are selected depending on the mass that needs to be raised.
Small-sized drilling units allow you to create quite deep wells - up to 100 m, and sometimes more. They have small size and mobility, so they are easy to transport, for example, in the trailer of the car. They are used in relief areas with complex access roads. Prices for such equipment for drilling water wells start from 130,000 rubles.
Features of assembly and operation
If the cost of professional drilling seems unreasonably high, or you need to make several wells, you can mount the manual installation yourself. This will require the following tools and materials:
- connecting plumbing cross fitting;
- hacksaw for metal work;
- steel pipe and bend with a cross section of 0.5 inches;
- steel plates;
- adjustable wrench.
Installation of the unit involves the preparation of a pipe section, which is subsequently used as the base for the drilling apparatus.
The assembly process is in the following sequence:
- To create a cross design, cut the pipe ends to a depth of two centimeters.
- Weld the steel plates as a tip from the end of the pipe section.
- Connect the water supply hose to the cross hole. To make the mount secure, use an adapter.
- Check the performance of the structure by supplying water.
- Install the plumbing thread in the cross hole - from polymers or hemp.
- Connect the pipe section to which the nozzle is mounted to the base by means of a drive.
After the completion of the punching of the mine and when deepening per meter, the tip is rearranged to a longer pipe section.
Manual adaptation will be an excellent solution for punching wells in soft, peat and clay soils with a depth of the water layer in the area of not more than 20 meters. Such devices are buried much less than MGBU, but their compact size allows you to drill mine holes in uncomfortable places, for example, next to the walls of buildings or fences.
You can also create a home-made device based on a walk-behind tractor, equipped with a mechanical drive that is driven by a motor-drill motor.
The compact dimensions of such installations allow one person to work, and the use of a reduction gearbox - to drill mines of significant diameter.
The choice of drilling equipment is determined by the design of the well, the method of drilling, the necessary parameters of the tool used, as well as the requirements for the portability of the drilling rig. If in doubt, it is better to use the services of professionals.
