Ventilation in a prefabricated house is a complex communication. Without it, it is impossible to ensure normal living conditions for a person. The system is planned at the design stage of the building. It is mounted in parallel with other communications.
How ventilation works in a panel house
There are three types of ventilation:
- Natural. It implies the influx of fresh air into the windows, door slots, openings and its outflow through the ventilation shaft. Here, the difference in pressure between the air in the street and indoors plays its role. It is a natural ventilation system that takes place in panel 5, 9 and other high-rise buildings.
- Combined. Here, the inflow or exhaust of air is carried out on the principle of coercion.
- Forced. More often it is mounted in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet as an additional communication. The mechanism is a fan, which is installed in the ventilation duct of the mine. He actively draws air, forcing the room to fill with fresh air masses.
In general, the ventilation system in the high-rise building allows air exchange. The exhaust air always goes into the ventilation shaft in the panel house through the outlet openings above the ceiling. The draft is formed due to the existing cracks, gaps, micro-ventilation systems.
Since many people prefer to install double-glazed windows and door leafs of increased tightness, the influx of fresh air into the room is disrupted. Air exchange is complicated, unpleasant odors remain in the room longer.
There are several types of ventilation system devices in high-rise buildings:
- Communication with vertical channels. It is most often done in 9-story houses, since it is too expensive to pull a horizontal ventilation duct to each apartment. Vertical shafts from each apartment join such a common channel.
- Mine without prefabricated channels. Here, from each apartment, a ventilation duct goes up and is displayed outside the roof. This ventilation system in a five-story panel house was used earlier in construction.
- Horizontal prefabricated channels. In this case, a vertical mine is assembled from each apartment, which at the top cuts into a common horizontal channel with access to the street.
- Attic ventilation. This is the oldest way to organize a ventilation system. The attic must be insulated under it. Here the canals stretch from each apartment to the attic, from there they flow into a common shaft and go beyond the roof.
It is forbidden to take any actions to audit, clean or upgrade ventilation shafts in a multi-story building on their own.
Current regulations
When installing ventilation systems, the SNiP recommendations apply. Communication must meet the following requirements:
- transmission ability corresponding to the construction project;
- tightness;
- fire safety;
- compliance with sanitary standards.
The latter look like this:
- For bedrooms and living rooms, the air exchange rate should be 30 m3 / hour per one tenant.
- Wardrobe and pantry. 10-15 m3 / hour.
- Kitchen. Here the situation depends on the type of hob. For an electric stove - 60 m3 / hour. For a gas stove on two burners - 90 m3 / hour. For four burners - 120 m3 / hour.
- Toilet and bathroom. For a joint bathroom - 50 m3 / hour.For separate rooms - 25 m3 / hour.
If the room is densely furnished with indoor flowers or people smoke a lot in the apartment, the normative 30 m3 / hour for housing is not enough. It is necessary to double the rate of air exchange. The same is necessary for rooms with high humidity.
Too strong and too weak ventilation are not suitable for home. A powerful one will draw all the heat in winter, while a weak one will not cope with unpleasant odors.
How to check ventilation in a panel house
One of the easiest ways to check the communication inside is to bring a piece of paper towel or toilet paper to the ventilation grill. If they stick to the grill, ventilation works. If it falls, there are problems with the outflow of exhaust air.
You can do the same with a candle light or a lighter. If the flame stretches towards the channel, everything is fine with the system. If reaching up, the communication is not working properly.
When you need to change natural ventilation to forced
Forced ventilation is needed in the following situations:
- the impossibility of air flow from outside due to the design features of the house;
- the air outside does not meet sanitary standards (heavily polluted by industrial enterprises nearby, numerous cars, etc.);
- high length of the ventilation shaft, which reduces its effectiveness;
- increased wall insulation.
It is not recommended to install additional mechanisms to improve the ventilation system on your own. There is a risk of disrupting the work of all communication, spoiling a previously designed scheme. This should be done only by specialists. The maximum that tenants have the right to do is remove the ventilation grill, wash it and return it.
Often apartment owners install additional mechanical equipment in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet. It is important that the basic rule is observed - the mechanism must be adjustable (on / off). Otherwise, in the remaining rooms of the house, the air may become stale, damp. With mechanical devices, the air masses will move according to the law of aerodynamics to where it pulls harder.
Installation of additional ventilation
For the kitchen, household hoods are more often chosen. The manufacturer offers recirculation and flow units. The former simply pass the contaminated masses through the filters and again let them into the room. The second are directly connected to the ventilation duct. Given that the cooker hood is operated from 1 to 3 hours a day, it is indispensable as an auxiliary system.
In the bathroom, they often prefer to organize an axial radial fan. Make it easy. It is enough to remove the shaft grate in the bathroom or toilet and introduce the mechanism there. Later, the fan is connected to the power supply system, observing all the norms and requirements for fire safety. It is desirable that the fan is started from the switch outside the room. After all work, the shaft is again closed with a ventilation grill.
If the apartment has a separate bathroom, it is advisable to install a fan on both rooms. On sale there are special grilles that already have slots for installing a fan. Before carrying out such work, you need to consult with a specialist. It is likely that the communication in the apartment is working properly and nothing needs to be changed.
It is forbidden to arbitrarily close, block the windows of the ventilation riser during repair.
