Toilet and bathroom belong to the category of rooms with high humidity, requiring high-quality and constant air exchange. The specifics of their planning and operation requires unhindered intake of fresh air, removal of pollution, dampness and unpleasant odors. This is not difficult to achieve if you know the current building and sanitary standards, have at your disposal enough funds and a set of standard household tools. Independent arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet will help to save on the services of hired craftsmen.
The need for ventilation in the bathroom and toilet
In panel high-rise buildings, bathrooms do not have windows, which significantly complicates their ventilation. Existing openings in the walls do not always help solve the problem of air exchange. In most cases, it is necessary to lay channels and install exhaust equipment.
Properly thought-out ventilation in the bathroom and toilet can prevent the occurrence of such troubles:
- Excessive dampness. In such conditions it is difficult to breathe, as there is not enough oxygen. Even a short stay in a damp room can lead to a headache.
- The development of fungus and mold. These microorganisms multiply rapidly in areas where condensation forms. Disputes are the cause of allergies, diseases of the digestive and respiratory systems.
- Bad smell. It is almost always present in the toilet. The bathroom may come from dirty laundry in the container and from the washing machine. Over time, smells can soak up all surfaces of the premises, you can get rid of them only with decoration and interior items.
- Damage to furniture, appliances and accessories. Moisture is the cause of the destruction of wood and materials based on it. Dampness rusts metal accessories, valves and parts for household appliances. The life of a wooden house is reduced due to rotting of supporting structures.
- Damage to the finish. Peeling off the reflective layer on the mirrors, the tile is covered with a dense lime coating, the seams between the tiles turn black.
If you put a fan in the bathroom and toilet, such troubles can remain only a theory. But this must be done correctly and competently, taking into account the engineering features of the house, apartment and a single room.
Key Standards and Requirements
Forced hood in the bathroom and toilet should comply with safety measures and sanitary standards.
First of all, you need to determine what inflow and outflow of air should be in the room. For bathrooms, the air exchange rate is set to 10. Knowing the volume of the room, it is easy to calculate the power of the required equipment. For ventilation in a bathroom with a size of 2 × 3 m and a ceiling height of 2.5 m (total 15 m³), a device with a capacity of at least 150 m³ / h is required.
In addition, ventilation for the toilet and bathroom should be safe in terms of electricity. Pay attention to the labeling of devices. For wet rooms, products with a degree of protection of IP25 and higher are suitable.
The next criterion is the level of noise produced. For medical reasons, ventilation in the toilet cannot create sounds louder than 25 dB.More loud noise is harmful to the organs of hearing, can cause headaches and high blood pressure.
Another requirement is the tightness of the system. Through an open channel from the ventilation shaft, harmful fumes, insects, pathogens can enter the bathroom. The grid solves the issue only partially. A more effective protection is the valve.
Types of ventilation systems
A shared bathroom requires good ventilation, since it concentrates fumes from hot water and odors associated with using the toilet. Even for a toilet of a small area and volume, it will be necessary to provide air exchange at the level of 25-30 m³ / h. The choice of design to ensure this process should be approached taking into account the particular layout of housing. There are several varieties of ventilation systems for toilets and bathrooms.
Natural
It is usually installed in multi-storey buildings and covers all apartments connected to one common mine. In addition to the shaft, the design includes a common collector in the attic. Designed to collect polluted air and bring it to the street. The apartments have channels and openings connecting the rooms with vertical exhaust openings. Air is supplied through slots, keyholes, ajar windows and specially made openings.
The principle of natural ventilation is based on the movement of masses between areas with high and low pressures. This effect is observed in apartment buildings, when the difference in these indicators is several tens of mm. s.s There is a fairly strong draft, which contributes to the fact that the mine literally sucks in the polluted air from the apartments. However, such designs have one significant drawback. It consists in the fact that in quiet cloudy weather, traction can completely disappear and even change direction. In such cases, there is a flow of odors from apartment to apartment.
Forced
Such designs involve the creation of a two-way design, where through one air is supplied into the room, and through the other is removed.
Forced ventilation is divided into the following categories:
- Supply They mean the installation of a discharge device in the lower part of the building. To adapt the atmosphere to room temperature, filters, heaters and coolers can be used.
- Exhaust. In these designs, the fans are mounted in the manifold, and the removal of contaminants is carried out by mechanically creating a low pressure area in the upper part of the building.
- Combined. Fans are mounted above and below, due to which a powerful and stable air circulation is provided at all levels of the house.
The choice of system is determined by the layout of the building and the possibility of construction organizations to carry out installation works.
Fan classification
To choose the right fan, you need to study the layout and location of the shaft and channels, as well as their configuration. You may have to make new holes and establish additional communications. It must be remembered that high-quality air circulation is possible only in the presence of inflow and outflow. If one condition is missing, the second becomes useless.
To make an extract in the bathroom or toilet, you can use fans of this type:
- Axial wall. Products are a propeller mounted on the shaft of an electric motor. The body of the device is round, which makes it easy to adapt to the channels of the corresponding section. Air is directed along the axis of the engine, thereby achieving high efficiency of the device.
- Radial.The principle of operation is based on centrifugal force, which creates a rotating drum located across the channel. There are models with stationary and adjustable blades. A spinning drum ejects air to the sides where it is sealed in the housing and fed into the channel. A vacuum is created, which helps to draw in the masses from the outside.
- Channel. They are tie-ins into communications, inside of which axial or centrifugal fans are installed. Designed to increase traction in the channel when it is long or after turns.
- Roof Products are used in mechanical systems of an exhaust or combined type. They are installed on the necks of vertical shafts to draw in contaminated air and then discharge it into the collector, from where it is led out onto the street.
In one staircase and even an apartment, you can install devices of different designs, if necessary to increase the efficiency of the system.
Equipment Selection Criteria
On sale is the widest selection of fans with a wide variety of technical specifications.
When purchasing equipment, you should pay attention to the following criteria:
- Power. It should correspond to the cubic capacity of the room, provide a ventilation rate of 10-12.
- Safety. You should take devices with housings that are protected from splashes with sealed tight contacts. Products with an IP44 rating are considered completely safe.
- Diameter of a branch pipe. It needs to be selected for the channel section. Construction standards are 100, 125, 150 mm.
- The level of noise generated. For radial fans, it is slightly lower, but also larger.
- Service Ability. The easiest way to access the blades of the axial type devices. It’s difficult to get to the drum; in some models it’s impossible. Such a situation can lead to the fact that the blades from dirt will lose aerodynamic qualities, and the motor working with overload will burn out.
- The presence of a valve. When the fan rotates and there is natural draft, it opens, passing pollution through the case. The rest of the time it is closed, preventing the ingress of spent masses from the mine into the bathroom.
Given these nuances, it will be easy to select and establish a model that is most consistent with the ratio of performance criteria, price and quality.
The subtleties of installing ventilation in the bathroom and toilet
Installation of the ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet is not particularly difficult if a vertical shaft passes nearby. It is enough to make a hole in the wall and insert an axial fan into it. It is more difficult if there is no such channel. In this case, you will have to lay the duct from plastic pipes.
When performing this event, you should use the following recommendations:
- To make a duct from rectangular pipes that look better and easier to install.
- Use the space above the suspended ceiling to mask communications.
- Before joining the sections, lubricate the joints with silicone to achieve tightness of the pipeline.
- If the location of the room is such that it is necessary to carry out a highway with turns, use rounded knees that almost do not weaken the traction.
- To use during assembly shaped fittings that will speed up and simplify the installation process.
After completing work, it is advisable to check the system's performance, paying attention to the joints through which dirty air can leak into the premises.
Terms of Use
For ventilation to work stably and efficiently, it must be serviced periodically. Prevention does not require much effort and time. Depending on the intensity of use, the structure should be disassembled every 6-12 months, clean the mosquito net, channels and blades of the device, lubricate the motor shaft.This will ensure the quality air exchange necessary for comfort in the apartment.
