Installation of the ceiling-passage unit for the chimney

The use of open heating systems in private buildings is dangerous because in certain situations it can cause a fire. The smoke exhaust pipe included in their composition is heated so much that contact with combustible substances may cause a fire. The most important elements of its protection include the ceiling-passage unit of the chimney (PPU), which ensures the safe removal of exhaust gases and is mounted in accordance with the requirements of TB.

Tasks of the ceiling passage of the chimney

PPU is intended for the organization of the passage of the smoke exhaust pipe through the ceiling in the house. It is made in the form of a modular design of a round or square shape with a hole in the middle. Its main task is to protect the wooden parts from overheating and fire, which is possible during the operation of the heating system.

Assemblies for the chimney in assembled form go on free sale, but if desired, they can be assembled independently. If you are choosing a ready-to-use product, you will need to consider the following factors:

• size (diameter) of the smoke exhaust duct;
• furnace location;
• features of ceilings.

To insulate the passage, basalt wool is used with a protective foil screen that can withstand high temperatures.

Varieties of devices and requirements for them

But the domestic market presents a lot of samples of passage ducts for the chimney. They differ in their shape, are square and round. The nodes of the passage of the first type are made single and double. Models of the second type are made in the form of a double square box with a pipe hole in the middle.

Rounded structures are characterized by a more complex device. Externally, they are a cylinder mounted on a flat square base. If there is any problem with the installation of the node in the right place does not arise.

Safety requirements

When installing PPU, the TB requirement is mandatory for execution, according to which the channel passing near easily combustible structures should not be heated above 50 ° C. These conditions are described in more detail in SNiP 41-01-2003. Direct pipe laying without the use of a transitional protective structure is a gross violation of the requirements of current standards.

It is also necessary to arrange the passage of the chimney through the ceiling if the pipe does not have direct contact with the wooden structures of the structure. The working temperatures of its outer walls reach values ​​sufficient to start carbonization and subsequent smoldering of adjacent areas. This forces the passage elements to be protected by insulation class NG.

When purchasing a finished product, it is advisable to study the attached instructions for its installation and documentation regarding compliance with TB requirements.

DIY preparation and installation

Installation of PUF chimney in a bathhouse or in another wooden structure begins with preparatory measures. This takes into account the type of design chosen, the characteristic size of the chimney and the class of material from which it is assembled (brick, sandwich or steel). Before starting work, you will need to prepare the following tool and supplies:

• electric jigsaw;
• hammer and electric drill;
• marking tool;
• brackets and blanks for a double box or other base;
• hardware (self-tapping screws, screws, etc.).

During the preparatory procedures regarding the arrangement of the passage, a zone is designated on the ceiling for the installation of polyurethane foam. With a close location of the rafters, experts recommend making an intermediate wooden box with mineralite sheathed walls. If it was not required, proceed to the following operations:

1. A ceiling hole is made to fit the passage structure.
2. It is covered with a heat insulator of the same class as that of the node itself. It is allowed to use any other insulation material with similar or better characteristics.
3. For greater reliability, steel strips are mounted on top of the thermal insulation.
4. The purchased passage unit is inserted into the finished hole. It is allowed to put it on the pipe and mount together with it.
5. Having placed the structure in the prepared place, the PPU panel should be fixed with self-tapping screws, the holes for which are drilled in advance.

After that, it remains to fill the gaps formed with heat-resistant insulating material. Sometimes the wooden surfaces of the floors are covered with protective compounds (flame retardants), which reduce the likelihood of fire.

Heat-resistant protective coating will not be able to protect such structures from accidental fire, their service life is limited to one year.

Brick chimney passage

Despite the fact that the brick is a good heat insulator, in the manufacture of chimneys the rules for designing passages through easily combustible materials and structures are observed. Removal from the edge of the hole to the pipe is done at least 25 cm. For this, the stoves provide a separate row in the masonry scheme, increasing its thickness in the wiring zone through the ceiling. If for some reason it wasn’t in this place, the regulations allow you to cut a hole in the ceiling that is 10 centimeters larger than the structure itself. Then you can proceed to the design of the penetration through the prepared place. To do this, do the following operations:

1. seal the edges of the floor with the selected heat-resistant material;
2. close it with several strips of metal or minerite;
3. sew up the passage from the side of the room with steel sheet blanks;
4. fill the existing voids from the side of the next floor or attic with the same heat-resistant composition;
5. close the PUF cut from the side of the next floor or attic with a steel sheet of a suitable size.

After these operations, the brick pipe will be well insulated from the floor elements.

For reliability, it is recommended to use insulating materials with a melting point of about 800-1000ºС.

Making the passage through the roof

When conducting a chimney through the roof, the following tasks are solved:

• contact restriction of a steel or brick channel with elements of a roof structure;
• ensuring the tightness of the passage, eliminating the ingress of moisture into the attic;
• reliable fixation of the output structure.

For this, a box of rafters and several transverse beams is arranged directly in the passage zone. Its shape and composition depend on the specific wiring conditions (chimney material and its dimensions).

Sandwich pipe aisle arrangements

Many users prefer chimney sandwich designs for the following reasons:

• only with their help it is possible to reduce the temperature of the outer circuit to 200 degrees;
• their use avoids the accumulation of condensate;
• the heating of pipes going from the furnace to the side of the sandwich channel is reduced;
• the service life of the whole structure is increased;
• installation of a system containing no more than 3 bends is simplified.

At the initial stage, a simple protective module with a length of not more than one meter is installed on the bathhouse or home stove in the passageway (it is allowed to use a heat exchanger instead). Further operations are carried out in the following sequence:

1. An adapter is mounted up the sandwich pipe, matching the heat exchanger with the double-walled structure of the PPU. When choosing a joint, you should remember the requirements of SNiP, according to which the joining of pipes in the floors and attics is strictly prohibited.
2. The chimney is led through the ceiling by means of a ready-made PPU assembly.
3. Upon completion of this stage of the assembly of the chimney, the gap between the walls of the structure and the pipe is filled with basalt wool with a protective screen.

When preparing the filling, it is allowed to use other heat-resistant materials, not only based on basaltic rocks. It is not recommended to do horizontal sections when laying, since they impair the draft in the structure. If this is not possible, their total length should not exceed one meter. The number of elbows in the system also affects the traction index, which is desirable to reduce to 2.

Since most materials expand with strong heating, the structure should not be fixed too rigidly at the point of passage.