The production hall is a place of increased danger. Damage is caused not only by equipment, but also by polluted air. To avoid this problem, an aspiration system is installed in the room. It serves to purify the air of harmful impurities.
Description of the aspiration process
During production processes, dust, microparticles of metal, toxic fumes or wood chips appear in the room. All these components negatively affect human health, getting into the respiratory system. The aspiration process involves the removal of small particles from the air and from the surface of the working devices.
The suction unit is installed in large workshops and factories, in home technical rooms, if they process wood, repair cars. It works in conjunction with a ventilation design.
For purification to be of high quality, the aspiration rate is equalized with the air flow rate in the system.
Basic types of construction
The aspiration system can be stationary or mobile. The first type is suitable for large workshops, and the second for small garage spaces.
Monoblock installations
The monoblock device is mobile, since the installation does not require the installation of an air duct. For air purification, such a product is installed next to the source of pollution. The design of the device consists of a filter, a fan, as well as a container in which dust and waste are collected.
The installation is able to clean production rooms of a small area and workshops in which the level of pollution is minimal. The advantage of the unit is the ability to connect to the main ventilation duct. You can move the unit without changing its design. Installation of equipment does not require preliminary preparation or creation of a project.
The disadvantage of such equipment is a small adaptive ability, depending on the type of process. The waste container is cleaned manually, so the machine must be turned off. Placement is required for the installation. The product does not always provide the required performance.
Modular designs
Products of this type are made individually for each workshop. This equipment is complex and expensive. It contains a fan, as well as several separate intermediate separators for collecting and sorting waste by density. Such a system is acceptable for a single room and for the whole plant.
The advantage is high work efficiency, automation. However, the design is expensive. For its installation, preliminary preparation of the plan is required. Installation of the system is complicated. If it is necessary to move the structure, it will have to be dismantled. Periodic maintenance of the structure is required.
Principle of operation and purpose of the suction unit
Installations for aspiration have different power, differ in the design of filters. They work continuously. Contaminated air enters the structure. He is drawn into it by a fan. Further, the flow passes through filters of varying degrees. The purified air through the upper pipe enters the room.
Dust settles in a special container, from which it is eliminated in manual or automatic mode.For the manufacture of the system, metal is used with a thickness of 0.5-2 mm. Ducts are connected using flanges and o-rings. The main purpose of the design is the removal of production products and air purification.
Areas of use
In most cases, air is aspirated in the workplace. Scopes of the equipment:
- woodworking and chemical industries;
- metallurgy;
- food production;
- mining industry;
- manufacture of building materials ..
Aspiration improves the efficiency of the ventilation system, reduces the load on it.
Problems and their solution
Like any technological system, suction equipment can malfunction. If these problems are not resolved in time, the system will not perform its functions.
Dust plugging
If traction is insufficient, dust plugs may appear in the system. They reduce the flow rate of air that lurks in the room. The cleansing process is getting worse. Another cause of the problem is the incorrect calculation of the ducts, the wrong selection of pipes for the system. The cork can be removed by regular cleaning, which must be carried out regularly. Sometimes a configuration change is required.
Insufficient performance
Such a problem is foreseen at the stage of creating the design project. If it arose already during operation, the location of the suction element or the configuration of the entire structure changes. Installation of forced ventilation with a recuperator is required.
Lack of effect
If the capacity of the suction unit is high and there is no effect, the reason is the incorrect placement of the suction pipes. At a large distance from them to the source of pollution, pipelines do not collect dust properly. To eliminate the problem, the ducts lengthen or reconfigure the system.
Insufficient effect gives equipment of low power. It also checks the correct localization of the nozzles, the cleanliness and correct functioning of the filters. Such a problem is possible in the absence of forced ventilation.
Advantages and disadvantages of suction systems
Aspiration plants provide normal conditions for workers in production halls. In addition, the equipment has the following advantages:
- maintaining the health of the equipment by taking dust and other impurities from the air;
- removal of the smallest particles of garbage from the room;
- return of the purified air back to the enclosed space;
- functioning in places of the greatest pollution;
- high productivity due to the absence of losses that occur in transportation and aerodynamics;
- independence from the main ventilation system (if one design fails, the other will work).
The disadvantage is the weak functionality of the system in case of design inaccuracies. It requires constant care and monitoring.
Aspiration is a necessary part of the production process, which ensures safe working conditions, removing harmful microparticles from the air. If it is not mounted correctly, the level of pollution in the room will increase.
