The deterioration of the functionality of heating equipment is accompanied by a decrease in efficiency and an increase in fuel consumption. Ineffective smoke removal is hazardous to the health of users. High-quality repair of the stove will eliminate the problems without unnecessary costs.
Possible causes of furnace problems
Typical troubles are due to various structural damage. When cracks appear, the tightness is broken. Worsening traction causes clogging of the smoke exhaust system. A large temperature difference (inside the channel and the ambient air) can damage even high-quality masonry over time. In some situations, defects are formed due to user errors during operation.
In order to properly repair the stove, a preliminary check is needed. It is recommended to pay attention to relatively rare design problems:
- at the same height of adjacent pipes, smoke sucks in a second (inoperative) hole;
- the supply ventilation performance may not be sufficient for the simultaneous operation of several heaters;
- the normal movement of air into the furnace is prevented by a closely installed staircase;
- exhaust ventilation is made in one channel with smoke removal;
- the permissible number of pipe turns at an angle of 90 ° is exceeded;
- the blower holes are too close to the furnace door;
- the output channel is not created high enough, too narrow (wide).
It is recommended to clarify the external conditions. In the above situations, wind flows can provoke forced “pushing” of smoke inside the building:
- the pipe is not installed correctly in relation to the protruding roof ridge;
- spurious twists creates a large tree, another structure.
Separately check the chimney cleanliness. In addition to soot, an obstacle can be created by a bird's nest or a detached part of a building structure.
Tools and materials for repair
After the diagnosis, they draw up a work plan, an estimate of the necessary purchases. To carry out minor repairs of the furnace with the elimination of several cracks near the door frame, it is enough to purchase a suitable sealant. Some modern formulations are designed for use at temperatures above + 1400 ° C. As a rule, such mixtures are created on the basis of silicate components.
Other materials:
- building bricks for civil works;
- chamotte for facing high-temperature zones;
- clay and sand, a specialized finished mixture;
- cardboard (sealing cord) with basalt additives;
- steel tape, wire.
Taking into account the peculiarities of technologies, the list of tools is adjusted:
- electric drill with nozzles (brush, mixer);
- "Grinder" with disks for cutting the corresponding materials (brick, concrete metal);
- tape measure, square, building level, marker for marking;
- a sponge for wetting surfaces when creating masonry;
- containers for creating solutions.
To disassemble the old structure, you need to prepare:
- crowbar and chisel;
- sledgehammer and pickaxe;
- a shovel;
- hammer drill with a set of nozzles;
- stretchers (wheelbarrow);
- wedges made of steel.
Universal tools come in handy for other work tasks. Powerful rotary hammer and some other electric devices can be rented.
Minor repairs
Even to fix small malfunctions, some preparation is needed. In accordance with the work plan, purchase consumables, check the availability of the necessary tools and replaceable nozzles. A general inspection is recommended to identify other deficiencies. You should familiarize yourself with the technologies for minor repairs of a brick oven with your own hands in conjunction with methods for recognizing defects.
Crack Sealing
The leakage is accompanied by a noticeable deterioration in the composition of the atmosphere in the room, characteristic traces of soot. Fix the problems as follows:
- clean the damaged area, remove poorly attached plaster fragments, deepen the cracks by 1.5-2 cm;
- create a working solution in proportions (in parts): sand (10), cement (1), clay (3);
- wet the crack with water, rub the prepared solution;
- level the surface.
For accurate localization of damage, the furnace must first be fired. It is necessary to prepare the appropriate materials (tools) in advance if restoration of the decorative coating is supposed.
Replacing the hearth brick
The damaged structural element is completely removed, the old solution is removed along the perimeter of the hole. They select a suitable brick, check the compliance of the sizes and the presence of sufficient gaps for correct installation. For laying use a liquid solution. It must be prepared by analogy with the original mixture that was used in the construction of the furnace.
Replacing individual bricks
Correspondence of bricks and mortar composition to the components of the general construction is ensured. At the same time, the stability of neighboring elements is checked.
Replacing the grate
Do-it-yourself repair of a brick kiln is carried out taking into account the uneven expansion of individual elements during heating. The purchased grate is mounted with gaps from the ends. A technological gap (4-6 mm) is left around the perimeter, which is filled with sand. Taking into account the peculiarities of a certain design, they ensure the normal position of the installed part, control the slopes.
Relining lining
In this case, the preliminary dismantling of the furnace is necessary. Then they take out the bricks, remove the solution, and clean the working surfaces. Restore the masonry according to the original drawings.
Hog Repair
According to the standard scheme, this structural element is located in the attic, therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to ensure good lighting. When checking, the L-shaped transition to the horizontal section is especially carefully checked. If large cracks (1.5-2 cm) are detected, minor repairs will not work. In this situation, the corresponding part or the entire hog is shifted.
Replacing or securing the combustion door
Algorithm of actions:
- completely dismantle the fasteners;
- clean the work area;
- using an electric drill, drill holes;
- establish holders from a wire, a door;
- the protruding parts of the wire clips are bent into the seams to provide a depression in the structure of the building structure by 1.5-2.5 cm.
When placing the door, as in the example with the grate, it is necessary to create a technological gap (4-6 mm) to compensate for the thermal expansion of metal parts.
Medium Repair
If during the restoration of the furnace the replacement of tiles is supposed, it is necessary to take into account the aesthetic correspondence of the installed elements to the interior of the room.
Replacing the furnace
The walls are dismantled and a new masonry installed in series.This DIY repair technique for a Russian stove involves replacing all the bricks that form the firebox structure.
Elimination of blockages in vertical chimneys
As a rule, problems of this category are associated with the need to install new partitions in the channels. To access the working area will have to consistently disassemble and restore the walls. If necessary, several sections are repaired using a similar scheme until the smoke recovery system is fully restored.
Outdoor brick pipe repair
The masonry in the rooms is created using a standard oven solution. The outer part of the structure - with the addition of cement to the building mixture. At this stage, you need to check the correct placement of the outlet relative to the roof ridge.
Overhaul
Work is performed according to a pre-prepared set of project documentation. However, the following items are required:
- exact dimensions;
- load calculation;
- list of supplies.
Strict adherence to drawing design standards is not necessary. But the content of each item should be complete. A correct shopping list, for example, will help eliminate unnecessary shopping.
Complete replacement of the bottom of the furnace
Valid corrections defined by the features of a particular design. Typically, this technology is performed as follows:
- dismantle both walls, lining;
- remove construction debris;
- set the lining again (do not use a bond with the main part).
At the final stage, the integrity of the base, wall is checked in accordance with the plan of the working drawings.
Complete disassembly and relocation of the furnace
In order not to often repair an outdated design, you can install modern heating equipment. For the bath, maintaining the optimum temperature will provide a convenient electric heater. With the seasonal operation of the cottage, an inexpensive fan heater will create comfortable conditions, and there will be more free space in the room. With the help of a new high-quality project, a significant increase in efficiency is possible compared with the "classic" option.
In all of these situations, the need for disassembly is implied. When performing the appropriate work steps, the following recommendations come in handy:
- If it is planned to install a gas boiler (other heating equipment), it is possible to preserve the chimney.
- In old wooden houses, the design of the furnace served as part of the power frame, so it is impossible to remove individual components without special reinforcement.
- Contamination of the interior should be prevented, furniture should be removed, and individual surfaces should be covered with polymer film.
- To perform work operations, prepare a respirator, gloves, and other personal protective equipment.
- The clay parts of the structure become malleable after abundant wetting with water.
- Cement joints are destroyed by wedges of steel, accelerate the process with a perforator.
- Dismantling begins with the pipe, continues sequentially in the direction from top to bottom.
During work, the doors do not open, preventing soot from entering the room. If the base is weakened, the heavy structure will fall apart in an uncontrolled manner.
Changing the volume and direction of chimneys
The technical parameters of this part of the project have a significant impact on functionality and safety. You should take into account the special recommendations of the developer when creating a bath stove, fireplace, other modifications. General rules:
- tilt create up to 30 ° per meter channel length;
- the outlet is installed at a height of at least 50 cm from the level of a flat roof or ridge;
- the distance from the furnace to the upper cut of the pipe is from 500 cm.
An increase in the number of turns improves the efficiency of heat removal. However, traction is impaired.
Complete replacement of one or more furnace walls
When combining old and new masonry, the same type of bricks is used to prevent deformation from uneven thermal expansion. Given the significant weight of these parts when repairing a brick furnace, special attention is paid to the strength of the base. If necessary, the foundation is strengthened additionally.
Repair without disassembly
To restore the functionality of the smoke removal system, purification is applied according to the following algorithm:
- Using dry alcohol, they provide long-term combustion to exclude the absence of draft due to the accumulation of cold air below.
- Using dry wood (hardwood) create a high-temperature effect in the channel for burning soot.
- They enhance the effect with a handful of table salt (during this operation, the door is quickly closed).
For access to individual parts of the chimney without disassembly, special holes are left during the construction process. In these places, special bricks are installed, which are knocked out if necessary.
Oven Repair Safety
At the stage of studying the project, the places of abutment of surfaces created from combustible materials are carefully checked. In addition to reliable insulation, individual sections are protected with metal sheets. When repairing a Russian stove, do-it-yourself control the integrity of each brick by its characteristic "sonorous" sound after a light blow with a trowel. Consumables are selected taking into account resistance to high-temperature influences with a certain margin.
For the safe performance of work operations, personal protective equipment is used. Special precautions apply at the stage of disassembly, when moving heavy objects. It is necessary to ensure the integrity of the power frame of the building.
Monitoring the technical condition of the furnace
Careful control will prevent dangerous and emergency situations. The following manifestations indicate possible malfunctions:
- traction deterioration;
- complexity of kindling;
- increase in fuel consumption;
- traces of soot, smoke;
- cracking, slope of the foundation, other visible damage.
To eliminate errors during the repair, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations of project developers, manufacturers of consumables.
