Initially, the houses of Khrushchev's projects were conceived as temporary, to solve the housing problem. However, to this day, they occupy a fair share of the fund. The main problem of accommodation is the scheme of the Khrushchev heating system and its device. Given the natural wear and tear, it often does not fully perform its functions.
Centralized heating scheme of Khrushchev
For the houses of this project, a one-pipe scheme is characteristic, when the distribution of the coolant begins from the upper (5th) floor and ends with the entrance of the cooled water into the basement. Such heating systems in Khrushchev have one significant drawback - the uneven distribution of heat in apartments.
This is due to the successive passage of the coolant through the floors, i.e. the greatest degree of heating will be on the 5th, 4th, and on the 1st the amount of heat is not enough to heat the room. In addition, the heating scheme of the five-story Khrushchev has the following disadvantages:
- Bad condition of the heating elements. Lime growths on the inner surface of pipes and batteries lead to a decrease in diameter, and as a result - a decrease in heat transfer;
- Lack of temperature control system on batteries. Reducing the flow of coolant by devices is impossible, as this will affect the hydraulic pressure in the entire system. Exit - installation of a bypass on each radiator.
To solve these problems, it is necessary to modernize - install modern radiators and pipes. Metal heaters and pipelines made of polymers have proven themselves best. They have increased heat transfer rates, which contributes to the fastest heating of rooms. However, to create a truly effective heating system in Khrushchev, it is necessary to replace all floors. If old pipes and radiators are left on the upper ones, then the speed of water passage in the system will be former unsatisfactory.
The implementation of such modernization can be carried out not only by the residents, but also by attracting the resources of the Housing Office. This organization is obliged to carry out planned replacement of pipelines. They know how the heating system in Khrushchev works - the layout and location of pipelines for a particular house.
Auxiliary heating in Khrushchev
What to do if even after performing the improvement and replacing the elements, the temperature in the apartment is far from ideal. The best option is autonomous heating in Khrushchev. However, this is not always possible - the installation of a gas boiler is not allowed due to low pressure in the line or due to inappropriate chimney channels.
Then they begin to develop alternative ways to increase the temperature in the room. The negative point is that the heating scheme of a five-story Khrushchev house does not provide for the connection of additional radiators. This can lead to a decrease in pressure in the pipes and a significant heat loss for residents living below. In order to avoid unpleasant moments, you can perform a series of actions that contribute to energy saving in the apartment.
Warming of the outer walls of Khrushchev
It is recommended to install a heat-insulating layer on the external walls. It will help reduce heat loss and will not affect the current state of the heating system in Khrushchev.It is also necessary to replace old wooden windows with new ones from PVC or glued beams. Particular attention should be paid to the thickness of the glass. For effective thermal insulation, this parameter must be at least 28 mm.
Warm floor in Khrushchev
This is one of the best mechanisms for raising the temperature in an apartment. It can be installed not only in the bathroom and kitchen, but also in residential premises. It is best to choose infrared models of underfloor heating, since their installation requires a minimal increase in the thickness of the floor covering. The Khrushchev heating scheme is not designed to connect a water heated floor. Its installation can lead to improper operation of the entire heating circuit of the house.
Apartment heaters
They can solve the problem with the speed of heating the air in the apartment and do not affect the operation of the main heating system of apartments in Khrushchev. Along with traditional converter-type oil and electric heaters, infrared models have become very popular. They increase the temperature not of air, but of objects, heating their surface. However, the disadvantage of such devices is the increase in financial costs for electricity.
Before connecting the heaters, it is necessary to check the wiring. Often, the cross section of the wire is not designed for heavy loads. The heating scheme for the five-story Khrushchev is designed only for water coolant.
Therefore, it is recommended that you first replace it, only then install powerful electrical appliances.
Autonomous heating systems in Khrushchev: boiler selection and proper pipe routing
Contrary to popular belief, individual heating in Khrushchev can be done. For this, it is necessary to select a boiler that meets the standards and provide the developed company with a management project. Previously, it gives the technical conditions on the basis of which an autonomous heating system in Khrushchev is compiled.
What should I look for when solving this problem? Consider the main components of autonomous heating in Khrushchev - a boiler, a piping system and radiators.
Heating boiler for Khrushchev
The average area of a two-room apartment in Khrushchev does not exceed 60 m2. Therefore, the optimal power of the gas boiler should be 7-8 kW. The next condition is the type of burner - it must be closed. Since the device of the heating system in Khrushchev does not provide for the installation of a boiler according to the scheme, normal air exchange should be ensured for its operation. This is necessary for air intake from the street using a coaxial chimney. In some cases, carbon monoxide exhaust systems can be installed in the air ducts of a building. But before that, it is necessary to obtain the approval of the fire service. Often this is an obstacle to the installation of individual heating in Khrushchev.
Pipes and radiators
For laying the main line, it is best to use reinforced polypropylene pipes. They are characterized by simple installation, affordable cost. Their advantages include the possibility of a hidden installation. It can only be carried out on the floor, since gating of load-bearing walls is prohibited. The scheme of the heating system in Khrushchev is arranged so that the radiator installation site is most often located under the windows. When designing an autonomous heating system, the installation of additional batteries can be envisaged. Most often they are installed in the bathroom.
Khrushchev heating project and schemes
When developing a heating scheme for Khrushchev, all the nuances must be considered. In particular - providing hot water. Therefore, it is best to purchase double-circuit heating boilers.
The requirements for the scheme are no different from the standard ones.
- Conformity of temperature and pressure to operational characteristics of pipes, radiators;
- Connection to a water supply system for heating;
- Installation of expansion tank and circular pump.
In this case, installation of a water heated floor is possible. For this, the Khrushchev heating scheme provides for the installation of a collector. He will carry out the distribution of the heat carrier along the pipelines of the warm floor, the built-in system for mixing hot and cold water flows (two-way valve) will automatically adjust the temperature.
To minimize the increase in floor thickness, it is recommended to use a decorative coating designed for installation directly on water heating pipes. The packaging must bear the appropriate marking.
Tips for minimizing heating costs
In addition to the modernization of the autonomous heating installation, a number of actions can be performed, the result of which will lead to a reduction in current operating costs and payment for utilities. Given the specific scheme of the heating system in Khrushchev, the installation of heat meters in the apartment is impractical. This is due to the lack of a central riser, i.e. even for a one-room apartment, you will have to install at least three counters - in the bathroom, in the kitchen and in the living room.
The total cost of installing one device can range from 25 to 30 thousand rubles. The way out of this situation is the installation of a common house counter. It will take into account the amount of heat consumed for the entire building. The benefit of a centralized scheme, inherent in all types of heating Khrushchev allows this. As an additional function, a mode for adjusting the flow of coolant depending on the temperature in the street can be provided.
For the central heating scheme of the five-story Khrushchev, a balancing riser can be installed. It will perform the functions of uniform distribution of the coolant across all floors of the house. However, which project is carried out only in coordination with the Housing Office, since it belongs to the category of changing the principle of supply of hot water.
If old steel pipes and radiators are installed in the house, it is recommended to carry out periodic chemical and mechanical cleaning. Before this, socialists should carefully study the heating scheme of a five-story Khrushchev house in order to draw up a work plan. Cleaning is recommended to be done with apartments on the upper floors. As a result of this, the coolant’s flow through pipes and radiators will improve.
Some schemes of heating systems of Khrushchev and their device provided for the hidden installation of radiators. A similar installation method is effective only if insulation of the external walls is performed.
As an alternative type of heating, you can see the video material on installing electric heaters in radiators.
