Central heating in multi-storey buildings does not always fulfill its functions - often there is a low temperature of water in the pipes, uneven heating during the heating season. It is almost impossible to solve this problem, since utilities do not respond to statements and complaints. It was this that became the main factor for the transition to apartment-by-apartment heating of apartments and houses: schemes, reviews of which have been widely used recently.
Installation of apartment heating
How relevant is this way of maintaining a comfortable temperature in the apartment? At first glance, it seems that the cost of purchasing equipment, its installation and maintenance will significantly exceed costs compared to central heating. However, making simple calculations, you can make sure that gas apartment heating compensates for the initial costs for three to five seasons of operation.
For the objectivity of these conclusions, the positive and negative aspects of installing an autonomous system should be considered.
Pros of apartment heating:
- The ability to set a comfortable temperature level in the room yourself. It is possible to realize such a function for central heating - installation of a special meter is required, which must be agreed upon in many instances;
- Lower operating costs for the coolant. On average, apartment-by-apartment heating systems cost residents 40-50% less than the central system;
- Complete independence from the work of the heat supply management company. This applies to scheduled and emergency repairs, non-compliance of the temperature regime of the coolant with the standards.
The main negative point for any apartment heating system is the high initial cost of purchasing equipment and the complexity of its installation. In addition, to disconnect from the central system and install an autonomous system, it is necessary to draw up the relevant permits. All worries about the routine maintenance and repair of equipment also fall on the shoulders of the owner of the apartment.
Registration of permission for apartment heating
There is a misconception that drawing up permits for an apartment with apartment heating is almost impossible to do. However, for this you only need to know the basic laws and adhere to technical standards.
According to paragraph 44 of RF Government Resolution No. 307, gas boilers with the following characteristics are allowed to be installed as heating equipment in apartment buildings.
- Closed combustion chamber
- A device for monitoring the state of a flame in a gas burner - an automation system;
- The temperature mode of operation should not exceed 95 ° C, and the maximum pressure in the pipeline is 1 MPa.
To select the optimal boiler model, it is recommended to contact the gas management company serving the house. Their representatives must provide requirements for this equipment.
Obtaining Technical Conditions from gorgaz
To do this, you must provide a package of documents confirming the ownership of the premises - a passport from the BTI, a contract of sale, personal data. Within 14 days, representatives of the organization are obliged to issue the technical specifications, which includes the apartment heating scheme.
Be sure to get permission from the fire department, which inspects the ventilation ducts in the house. If the project initially envisaged the installation of gas equipment, there would be no problems with this document.
Design part
Having received the technical conditions and permission of the fire service, it is necessary to find a design organization for the preparation of an autonomous heating plan. These services are offered by the managing organization, or any other commercial organization that has the appropriate certificates and permits. It is impossible to do this part of the work yourself, since houses with apartment heating must comply with current safety standards.
The project document contains a diagram of the apartment heating, a list of equipment and supplies. For each of them there should be a passport, and in case of its absence - technical information confirmed by the manufacturer and seller. If before that the house had central heating, then the risers are most often left. The plan indicates the place of disconnection from the network, the location of the gas boiler, the circuit of the main and radiators.
Installation of apartment heating
The entire package of documents is submitted to the administration, which must check their compliance with the technical conditions. After receiving a positive decision, you can proceed with the installation of the equipment. It is noteworthy that most reviews of apartment heating at the design stage have a negative connotation, since bureaucracy and paperwork takes a lot of time and money.
It is forbidden to independently connect the gas main boiler. This should be done only by representatives of gorgaz.
Having installed the elements of gas apartment heating, you can go to the stage of coordinating the time of connection to the highway. Management company representatives must check the status of the installed system and issue a compliance certificate. Then the boiler is connected to the gas pipe and the integrity and correct operation of the system are checked.
Choosing an apartment heating scheme
A properly designed project for houses with apartment heating should include the location of the pipelines. For apartments, the two-pipe scheme with parallel connection of radiators is most often used.
If the area of the room is not large (up to 60m), then you can use a one-pipe scheme (Leningrad), in which there is no return pipe, and the batteries are connected in series. Best of all, specialists will cope with this task. But the owner of the apartment needs to know the basic requirements for drawing up a scheme and its calculation:
- Boiler power. If the room has good thermal insulation of the walls, then when choosing heating equipment, you can use the ratio of 1 kW per 10 m² of area. For regions with extremely low temperatures in winter, 15–20% can be added to this indicator. That is, under normal conditions, for an apartment of 70 m² a boiler with a capacity of at least 7 kW is needed. The best option would be 10 kW equipment. This applies to all types of houses in which apartment heating is planned.
- Boiler installation location. It should be mounted in the kitchen, since it is this room that most meets the requirements and there are ventilation ducts in it.
The boiler must not be installed in the bathroom or in living rooms. This is a gross violation of the rules. To set the optimum temperature, it is recommended to connect temperature sensors located in the rooms to the boiler. With their help, it is possible to significantly reduce gas consumption, which is the main condition for any apartment with apartment-type heating.
The choice of equipment for apartment heating
The basis for individual apartment heating is choosing the right boiler. It is best to install pyrolysis models, the efficiency of which is as close as possible to 100%.Mandatory components of the heating system are a centrifugal pump and an expansion tank. Currently, it is possible to purchase gas boilers having these elements in their design.
When reading reviews about apartment heating, you can often come across comments about a problem in the operation of the equipment. Often this is due to the mismatch of its parameters with the operating conditions. Therefore, when choosing a boiler, you need to pay attention to such characteristics:
- The presence in the design of an expansion tank and pump;
- Device power;
- The degree of regulation of the level of heating of the coolant and water for hot water supply;
- Boiler manufacturer and cost. The products of NAVIEN, BERETTA, PROTHERM and VAILLANT have proven themselves well. The cost can be from 24 to 60 thousand rubles, depending on capacity and configuration.
You also need to choose the right pipes to create the trunk. Currently, for houses with apartment heating, polypropylene products with fiberglass reinforcement are considered the best option. They have a long service life, are interconnected by soldering and are able to withstand water temperatures above 95 ° C.
In some apartments with installed apartment heating, plastic pipes are used. But they have a low rate of strength.
Features of the operation of the apartment heating system
However, along with all the above listed advantages, the apartment heating system has a number of features. This primarily relates to operating conditions. For normal operation of the boiler, it is necessary to provide a water recharge system. For this, the main heating through the stop valves must be connected to the central water supply. However, the use of tap water as a coolant is not recommended, since it has a large amount of impurities. Therefore, it is necessary to install a filtration system.
The next important point, which is characterized by individual apartment heating, is to ensure the removal of burnt gases. It is best to install boiler models with a coaxial chimney. It will provide air flow from the street to support the combustion process, timely removal of carbon monoxide.
Consumer opinions and reviews
To create an objective point of view on the advisability of installing such a system, it is recommended to read reviews of apartment heating:
- After many years of torment with central heating, they decided to install an autonomous one. I had to run around with the paperwork - it took about six months. But in the end, our small one-bedroom apartment does not depend on the whims of the heating system. The only thing is that you yourself need to monitor the state of the boiler. Fortunately, from the very beginning we took a reliable Beretta. Lyudmila Pshenichnaya, Eagle;
- Finally, our gas-fired apartment heating started to work, although this could have happened 2 months ago. At the stage of designing the project, I insisted on a cheap gas boiler. However, after installation, gas workers did not issue a permit for operation. Therefore, I had to urgently purchase a new boiler. But in the end, everything works fine, although it could be done faster and cheaper. My advice is to listen to the opinions of experts. Sergey Lisichansky, St. Petersburg.
Is it worth it to put into practice a scheme for apartment heating? Of course - yes, but you need to prepare in advance for additional costs. The cost of services of the design organization ranges from 10 to 50 thousand rubles. depending on the complexity of the work. But nobody canceled the laws of the market, therefore, when discussing the cost, it is recommended to raise the issue of discounts and bonuses.
The video material presents the subjective opinion of a user of autonomous heating:
