How to make a heating system truly effective? Reducing the volume of energy will lead to lower financial costs. But at the same time, the level of heating of the room will fall, which will affect the comfort of living. Therefore, it is best to make a truly energy-efficient home heating: boilers, convectors, radiators, batteries with new, high performance indicators.
Fundamentals of energy-efficient heat supply
Each heating system has two aspects of its work - the costly part and the received heat energy. The ratio of these parameters is the coefficient of performance - efficiency. In the ideal case, installed energy-saving solid fuel heating boilers should provide the highest level of efficiency.
What actions are recommended to be taken to create an energy-saving heating system? First of all, it is necessary to reduce the heat loss that occurs with insufficient thermal insulation of the building and the high energy consumption of pipes and batteries.
In addition, energy-saving heating of a private house must meet the following requirements:
- Low temperature operation. Given the reduction in heat loss of the building, heating up to + 55 ° C will suffice to heat the living room;
- Low inertia. These properties have an electric energy-saving heating system. The temperature rise in the house is much faster than from water heat supply;
- Mandatory availability of control components - programmers, temperature sensors in the house and on the street. Thus, the mode of operation of heating will directly depend on external factors and control settings.
It is almost impossible to achieve the desired efficiency in water or air heating. This is due to losses during the passage of the coolant through the pipelines. An alternative to this can be energy-saving heating of the PLEN, which is part of the electric heat supply.
Before choosing equipment, which may include energy-saving heating boilers and radiators, preliminary calculations of heat losses in the house should be made, a layout of the heating devices should be developed.
Electric home heating
For a long time, the concept of energy-saving electric heating boilers was at least impossible. The problem was the impossibility of the full use of electricity as an energy carrier. Too large losses on heating of the heating element caused a low efficiency.
However, over time this situation has changed. New designs have appeared that ensure the high quality of electric heating appliances. A feature of their work is local (zone) heating.
Film heating systems at home
Energy-saving electric heating can be done not only in the traditional way, by installing a boiler and pipelines. In this case, heat loss will remain, and the efficiency of the system will not improve. The new energy-saving heating PLEN and reviews about it indicate high efficiency.
Decoding of the abbreviation PLEN (film radiant electric heater) indicates the application of the principle of heating surrounding objects using IR heaters. In fact, the main component in this scheme is a thin film on the surface of which resistive heating elements are applied.To protect them from mechanical stress, there is an upper layer of lamination.
A feature of the energy-efficient heating of the PLEN is the generation of IR waves up to 10 microns in length. This does not lead to heating of the air in the room, but is the reason for the temperature increase on the surface of objects falling into the film exposure zone.
The advantages of using energy-saving heating PLEN can be found in the reviews and familiarized with its technical characteristics. At the same time, the following unique qualities of this system for maintaining a comfortable temperature are distinguished:
- To achieve maximum effect, the heating elements are mounted on the ceiling. This will make it possible to cover a large area in the room;
- The composition of energy-saving heating of a private house must necessarily include automatic power control devices that are connected to external and internal temperature sensors;
- The average power of 1 m² film is from 110 to 180 watts.
Before installing such an energy-saving electric heating, it is necessary to make a home insulation. The heat transfer resistance of the walls must be at least 3.35 m² * C / W. You also need to make sure that the surface of the film is not blocked by interior items - tall cabinets, etc.
It is absolutely necessary to calculate the optimal coverage area of the energy-saving PLEN film. This material cannot be cut, therefore only whole components can be mounted.
Convectors for home heating
For zone heating of air it is best to use energy-saving electric convectors for heating. They differ from the traditional ones in the special case design and have a number of important additional components.
In conventional oil or electric convectors, air heating occurs due to the transfer of thermal energy from the surface of the device. However, the speed of movement of air masses is quite low, which indicates a low efficiency. In fact, heating occurs only on a small area of the room. Heating PLEN can be used as auxiliary for quick heating of air in the house.
A modern zonal electric energy-saving heating system consists of individual elements, which are usually located in places of the highest heat loss in the house - windows and exterior walls. The main feature is their design:
- To improve heat transfer, the housing has a lattice shape with installed fans. Hot air penetrates much deeper into the room;
- As a heat exchanger, plates made of aluminum alloy are mounted. This material is optimal for the organization of energy-saving heating of a country cottage, since its heating rate from the heater is 2.5 times faster than that of metal;
- A sensitive temperature regulator is necessarily adopted. Some models are equipped with a programmer.
One of the disadvantages of such devices is the quick cooling after a power outage. You can read about this in the reviews about energy-saving heating of the PLEN. But there is an alternative type of construction, in which material not quite traditional for heating is used - molten quartz sand.
Structurally, this electric energy-saving heating system is no different from traditional convectors. It also has heating elements and a housing that acts as a heat exchanger. However, the difference lies precisely in it, or rather, in the material of its manufacture. The property of quartz melt is high energy intensity, i.e. even after switching off, its surface will radiate heat for some time.
In addition, there are several features of this electric energy-saving heating system:
- The surface temperature does not exceed + 95 ° C, which does not dry the air;
- High fire safety of the convector;
- Low power consumption due to efficient heating of the quartz surface. It is about 0.8 kW / h.
In contrast to the above-mentioned electric heating convectors, energy-saving quartz heaters operate silently. This is important when arranging heating in a bedroom or children's room.
It should be borne in mind that a heater with a quartz surface will heat a room in only one zone. The final warm-up time may be 20 minutes.
Home Heating Boilers
How can an energy-saving heating installation for water heating be made? To do this, select the appropriate boiler. The determining indicator of its work is efficiency, as well as the type of fuel used.
The main requirement for the operation of this equipment is maximum autonomy and ensuring the heating of water to the desired level. Currently, there are several types of gas and energy-saving solid fuel heating boilers. But a special place is occupied by electric models.
Electric boilers for home heating
One of the disadvantages of boilers operating on heating elements is the rapid failure of the heating element. Therefore, new types of electric heating boilers were developed, the energy-saving characteristics of which are an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional ones.
Electrode models of boilers have been present on the market for several years. In them, water is heated by creating an electrostatic voltage between the cathode and the anode. The conductive medium in this case is the coolant.
Advantages of using electrode electric energy-saving heating boilers:
- Small size;
- The ability to choose a model for power. They range from 3 to 50 kW;
- Simple installation.
However, the requirements for the coolant must be taken into account. It should contain the optimal amount of salts to create a reaction in the heating zone. Otherwise, electric boilers will not work efficiently.
It is recommended to use a special composition offered by manufacturers of electrode boilers as a heat carrier.
Solid fuel boilers for home heating
For heating a large area of the house, it is recommended to install pyrolysis energy-saving solid fuel heating boilers. Their principle of operation is the slow decay of firewood or coal, as a result of which gas begins to be released. It enters the afterburner, where it is in contact with air currents. This leads to its ignition and the release of a large amount of heat.
The cost of pyrolysis heating boilers is 60-70% higher than traditional ones. However, this is compressed by a significant reduction in fuel consumption during operation. The difference is about 20-25%. In addition, they are ideal for heating, designed for low-temperature operation.
What else needs to be considered when planning an energy-efficient heating system? Each of the above options can be used in the same heat supply scheme. For primary heating, the heating of the PLEN is ideal. It will work until the water in the pipes is heated from the pyrolysis boiler.
In the video, you can see an example of making a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands.
