A cozy toilet with a well-made cesspool is playing an important role in the summer cottage. When the amenities are really comfortable, there is no unpleasant smell, nothing will spoil the weekend or the holidays.
Sanitary requirements for choosing a place
When constructing even a small toilet, it is necessary to observe sanitary standards so as not to harm the health of loved ones and the environment. When arranging a street toilet with a cesspool, the following points must be taken into account:
- The distance to the point of water intake and a large reservoir should not be less than 30 m.
- Distance to the highway - from 5 m, to residential buildings - from 12 m.
- Indent from the fence - more than a meter, from the garden - 3 m.
The depth of a cesspool for a local sewer or a country toilet depends on the level of groundwater. The bottom of the structure must be at least a meter higher than the aquifer. If underground sources run close to the surface, it is possible to equip a pit based on a sealed reservoir, for example, a plastic barrel. With a high location of subsoil moisture (up to 2.5 m), there is a risk that a light tank will float during the flood. It should be fixed with an anchor to the concrete base.
Other overall indicators are arbitrary and depend on the internal structure of the cesspool for the country toilet: the size of the rings of concrete, old tires and so on.
When choosing a place for the construction, the direction of the wind in the house area is taken into account, so that when a characteristic sewer smell seeps, it does not carry to residential buildings.
Types of structures and installation features
Cesspools are classified according to the material of manufacture and design characteristics. They are created from bricks, concrete rings, plastic tanks, old car tires. Most of these structures can be sealed, but some do without a bottom with a drainage layer. The latter can be equipped only where groundwater lies deep. Despite the fact that the liquid gradually goes into the soil, it is necessary to pump out pits without a bottom, but a little less often than tight ones.
Brick structure
This is one of the simple and inexpensive ways to make a cesspool for an outdoor toilet in the country with your own hands. Installation Rules:
- Dig a pit and fill the bottom with a mixture of gravel and sand. The layer should be 30 cm thick.
- Tamp the sand and gravel pillow and make a concrete screed with reinforcing mesh on top.
- Brick the walls with simple checkerboard masonry using a cement mortar for bonding.
- Coat the walls with bitumen for waterproofing.
Instead of bricks, other moisture resistant blocks are also used. If the groundwater is far away, you can lay out a device with a filter bottom according to this principle. Sand and gravel pillow will perform the function of drainage, and reinforcement and screed will not be required.
Old tire device
Car tires that have rolled their own will become a good inner layer for a sewer installation in the country. Such a construction is suitable only for small houses with a small number of vacationers. It will take several hours to create a treatment device, spending on consumables is minimal. The middle pit requires a dozen old tires.
Installation steps:
- The pit is dug up by the diameter of the tires. Its depth depends on the number of elements.
- A drainage well is drilled in the center to allow runoff to enter the soil to prevent stagnation. A perforated drainage pipe is inserted into it so that the top rises a meter above the bottom. It is covered with crushed stone by 15 cm.
- Tires with a cut inner rim are laid out so that the surface inside the structure is smoother. Joints are sealed inside. The last tire should be slightly above the surface of the soil.
- An inlet pipe is installed in a pre-cut hole in the side of the upper tire.
- The distance between the outer walls of the tires and the pit is filled with clay and filled with soil.
It is desirable to install a fan pipe to eliminate sewer odors. It should rise above the pit at least a meter, and preferably higher.
The use of large tires from trucks will increase the size of the created cesspool both in diameter and in depth.
Of the minuses of the device, a possible leakage due to heaving of the soil and the difficulty in repair and reconstruction are noted.
Concrete Ring Pit
Due to the large weight of the rings, such an installation is impossible to do exclusively with one's own hands. Have to hire special equipment.
The installation is similar to the construction of a brick pit. Elements are laid in a previously dug pit on a concrete screed or slab, sealed with bitumen mastic.
You can also create an overflow pit - an analog of a septic tank of two or three chambers. Thanks to filtration in several settling tanks, sewage will be better clarified and leave in the soil. The number of calls of trash cans will be greatly reduced. In overflow pits, drugs with special microorganisms are usually used to treat effluents in the second or third chamber. With the correct construction of a septic tank, it is possible to clarify the waters to such an extent that they can fertilize the garden.
Biological products can also be used in stationary cesspools - usually in the form of tablets or powders. Cleaning microorganisms are able to process excrement, greasy compounds, paper. The main thing is that there is a nutrient medium and positive air temperature. In the conditions of the cottage, it will be necessary to update the colony every season - in the winter, useful microbes in the street pit will not survive. Their use will relieve the unpleasant odor and flies flying on the sewer aroma.
Creating a toilet
The building of the country toilet should not be smaller than 1x1.5x2.2m in size so that a tall and large person can freely accommodate it. The design is advanced one third forward relative to the pit so that it is possible to clean the device. A four-pillar frame is mounted on a shallow foundation of a strip type. The foundation can be made of brick or concrete blocks. The pillars themselves are placed in the ground and fixed with concrete in the same way as piles.
For the construction of the frame base, you can use bars of 50 × 50 or 80 × 80 mm, it is impractical to use a larger material. A frame of the front, rear and side walls is constructed from the beam. In this case, the front wall is made higher than the rear by no less than 100 mm to ensure the necessary tilt of the roof. On the front wall, you need to make a reinforcement of the doorway.
The frames of the walls are fixed to the foundation with metal corners; they are strapping on the upper part and at the level of the toilet seat. The lining of the frame base is made with wooden boards. Vertical sheathing helps to save material, while horizontal sheath simulates a log house and looks more interesting.
All wooden parts of the structure must be treated with special antibacterial impregnation that protects the material from moisture and insects, and then coated with varnish or paint.
A slate or metal profile roof is placed on the crate so as to build a visor.
Any doors are suitable - from wood, plastic, plywood. Hang the door leaf on two hinges. The stool is going from a board or lining. They are faced with a pre-mounted frame. The stool can be painted after completing all installation work. A hole is cut out in the middle.
