Cesspools are often made of car tires, iron barrels, and brick. Through such septic tanks, a poisonous liquid, teeming with germs and toxins, enters the groundwater, and then into the sources of water intake and onto the table to the owners themselves. There are special rules and regulations that prescribe at what distance from housing it is necessary to build a cesspool, what to make the bottom of.
Current requirements for installing sewer wells
In order not to breathe in the sewers, especially in the summer, the septic tank should be located at least 12 meters from the shelter. If there is a well or a well on the site, the septic tank must be located at a distance of 50 meters - at the other end of the yard. Neighboring toilets should also be located away from the source of drinking water.
For sealing, a strong mixture is used - a concrete solution, if the septic tank itself is laid out of brick or made of concrete rings. There is no need to hope that the liquid will stay in the container - through the existing joints it easily enters the soil, causing it to silt around the septic tank.
In summer, it is advisable to destroy odors with biological products that are specially made for outdoor toilets. If water with chemicals for washing dishes or washing gets into the septic tank, you need to select the appropriate drug with bacteria that are resistant to chemicals.
Sanitary standards must be respected. Otherwise, representatives of regulatory authorities can draw up an act and force them to remake the septic tank.
Types of wells
In most cases, the sewer well is done simply: a hole is dug up, concrete rings or a plastic container are lowered into it, a pipe is brought in, it is covered with earth and a cover is put. There are many varieties of sewer wells:
- Inspection - linear, rotary, nodal. Their goal is to facilitate the maintenance of underground sewers. They are installed in the most inconvenient places where the system turns or several pipes converge at one point, or in a straight line every 15 meters.
- Overflow wells are installed to change the level of sewage. The inlet and outlet pipes are located at different heights. Such models also have several varieties.
- Filtration made of perforated concrete rings. The bottom is usually absent, since partially treated effluents enter them.
- Accumulators collect all household waste.
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- Nodal
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- Cumulative
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- Overflow
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- Filtering
In order for the sewer pipes to last longer and it is possible to carry out repairs at any time or to clear the blockage, in addition to the storage septic tank, it is necessary to put a viewing shaft, in which a person can enter and do the work.
It is good if household waste is collected in one septic tank and rainwater in another. It can be used to water the garden during hot weather or simply pumped to the street outside the site. If there is one sewer well, an overflow can occur, and then the fetid liquid spreads around.
Materials for the manufacture
The septic tank can be built from various materials, including stone. Rubber tires do not count, such a design can not be called a septic tank. In a year, effluents will begin to flow out at the junctions and poison the environment.
When planning take into account climatic conditions, the level of groundwater, the depth of freezing of the soil, as well as its characteristics.
The most commonly used concrete rings and bricks.To build a sewer well from the rings, you will need to order a crane and invite assistants. A brick septic tank can be done independently, but its walls must be completely sealed with concrete to prevent leaks. The construction of a sewer well from concrete rings is the optimal combination of price and quality of materials.
As an option - monolithic concrete mortar. To do this, dig a hole and leave the right distance for pouring the solution. Thus, plastic containers are protected from cracking, only concrete walls are made thinner.
On sale there are solid plastic tanks made of durable polymer material. They are selected by volume, based on the number of people living in the house. You can buy a whole system from nearby tanks so that the liquid is cleaned naturally: the first well with a closed bottom for settling solid waste, the second with an open one, from where the liquid will be absorbed into the soil. This takes into account the composition of the soil. An open septic tank is not equipped in areas where the main soil component is clay.
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- Concrete goods
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- Brick
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- Plastic
General preparatory stages during construction
Professional teams that are engaged in laying an autonomous sewage system, first visit the site and inspect it, select the most suitable location for the sewage well.
Next, a pipe laying diagram is compiled, the depth and angle of inclination are calculated. This is important for gravity systems. Where it is not possible to fulfill this requirement, it is necessary to install a pump that will push the waste into the septic tank under pressure. At this stage, the price of installing a sewer well and a trunk is already known.
When the calculations are done, the layout of the site begins. To do this, use ropes and pegs where they will make trenches for pipes so that the highway is flat. The place under the septic tank is calculated with a margin so that the distance between the walls of the pit and the concrete rings can be filled with sand.
This is followed by the purchase of the required amount of materials that builders advise to use - concrete rings or plastic containers, as well as pipes of the desired length, viewing plastic shafts, connecting elements.
Installation of reinforced concrete products of the rings under the sewer with your own hands is a complicated matter, because only the construction crane can lift the weight of the structure. It is recommended to find a technical solution with which the rings are installed in the pit.
Mounting Features
Stages of mounting concrete rings:
- At the marking site, dig a pit with a margin of 15 - 20 cm on each side.
- Fill the bottom with gravel - about 20 cm.
- It is advisable to seal the bottom with concrete.
- Connect a tap and install rings depending on the depth of the pit.
- Lower the stairs and cover the joints with concrete mortar.
- Lead pipes and joint also seal.
- Gaps between the walls of the pit and concrete rings to fill up with sand or gravel.
For concrete structures, lids with iron reinforcement are provided for easy opening, but you can buy a plastic green color so that it does not stand out against the background of grass in summer. When the concrete hardens, the object is tested for leaks.
The prices for the installation of septic tanks must be specified in the office of the construction company. The total cost depends on the selected material, the depth of the septic tank and the length of the sewer pipe line.
