For the high-quality functioning of autonomous sewage, a fecal pump may be needed. These devices are different in purpose, installation method. Basically, drainage units are used for storm and domestic wastewater. To choose equipment, you need to decide what it will be used for and what functions it should have.
Definition and purpose of sewage pump
Sewage pumps pump out dirty water, which can contain large particles of debris, leaves, food waste. Owners of private homes with autonomous sewage most often consider such equipment as a way to clean a cesspool. However, the units are quite versatile and can be used not only for sewage.
The device is capable of pumping very dense viscous liquids, but if the particle diameter exceeds 35 mm, the pump must be selected with the function of grinding waste, otherwise it will quickly fail due to jamming of the mechanism.
With the help of a fecal pump, sumps can be cleaned on livestock farms. In this case, it is necessary to choose a more powerful device that will work for many hours daily.
If there is a pond or lake near the house, the pump can clean the sludge from the bottom. Industrial models are able to pump the peat layer, grinding it into small fractions. Liquid fuel oil or oil is also able to drain pump.
In addition, the equipment pumps clean water well, giving a head of up to 20 m and a capacity of up to 400 cubic meters of liquid.
In the household, fecal pumps are used in pressure sewers. If there is no possibility to equip a gravity-fed system on the site, equipment must be installed that propels the drains into the cesspool so that they do not accumulate in the pipes. A pump is necessary if the septic tank is located higher than the discharge points in the house.
Depending on the device, the unit can be used to drain the pool, pump out liquid from the basement or lowland areas of the garden where water accumulates in the spring.
The principle of operation and device
According to the method of operation, the equipment is divided into submersible, semi-submersible and surface models. Below is a mechanism that creates the effect of absorption - the impeller. The liquid enters and passes through the body of the product up, then into the pipe and exit.
Submersible sewage pumps operate in a liquid environment. The liquid level indicator is a float mechanism that turns off the device and protects it from dry running. The body is completely in the water and cools due to it. Made of durable corrosion resistant materials. The electric cable is enclosed in a protective sheath to prevent short circuits.
Semi-submersible fecal mechanisms are the most popular models. They are resistant to complete immersion, as they have a sealed enclosure, they cope with most of the problems that can arise in a private house. Semi-submersible sewer mechanisms are additionally equipped with shredders, which simplify the transportation of solid waste through the body.
Surface sewage pumps are not designed to operate in a liquid environment. The fluid is sucked in with a pipe or sleeve.In this case, it is preferable to put the pipe, since the soft sleeve is able to stick together due to traction, which can render the equipment unusable. Surface mechanisms make more noise, so they are not placed indoors. The cutting mechanism on submersible models is also available, it is located in front of the entrance to the housing.
Types of pumps for the sewerage of a private house
For home use, use any of the above units, depending on the required parameters. Separately, we can say about sewage pumps for the toilet. Domestic units are installed in bathrooms. This makes it possible to use pipes of a smaller diameter, since sewage pumps with a grinder simplify the transportation of wastewater from the toilet. To connect other branches of the system, for example, from the kitchen, to the pump, it is necessary to select equipment with several nozzles. The principle of operation of a household installation is simple:
- After the water enters the tank, the cutting mechanism is switched on.
- Solid waste is crushed.
- The pump turns on and pumps liquid into the sump.
The metal case is located in a plastic container so that the design looks aesthetically pleasing. The materials are designed for different temperatures, the motor is selected for power and pressure depending on the length of the trunk inside the house.
To clean the cesspool, a conventional submersible pump with a cutting mechanism is suitable, since it works mainly at the bottom, where most of the solid particles are collected.
Criterias of choice
When buying equipment, you must pay attention to the following parameters:
- The voltage in the network should be 220 V. With a three-phase network - 380 V. In a pinch, it is necessary to install a voltage stabilizer, since not all equipment can withstand surges and can break.
- The height of the water column to overcome the vertical and horizontal sections of the highway.
- For submersible equipment, the distance from the housing to the water mirror is important. For semi-submersible or surface - the maximum depth of the sleeve.
- Pump performance - the amount of fluid that it can pump per unit of time. Equipment with a capacity of up to 400 W pumps about 100 liters of water per minute, a pump of 1 kW - 200 - 300 liters.
- Estimated size of large particles.
- The presence of several levels of protection against dry running - the float mechanism is most often used. The non-return valve prevents fluid from draining into the sewage well when the motor is turned off. The degree of protection of the housing against moisture must be at least 68 units according to the IP system.
- The degree of aggressiveness of the pumped liquid is taken into account. Acid-based detergents that can damage low-quality materials, as well as hot water, enter the sewage pit.
Convenience of mounting and carrying is also taken into account - handles, fastening sleeves or nozzles. We should give preference to well-established companies that have long been working in the Russian market, because they serve for a long time and require less cost during operation.
Carrying out the necessary calculations
In order to correctly calculate the pressure, it is necessary to add a horizontal distance divided by 10 to the height indicator. For example: the height of the drain pit is 5 m, and the length of the horizontal pipe section is 30 m. First, divide 30 by 10, then add to 5. It turns out 8 meters. This should be the pressure of the pump.
This is a simplified counting scheme. When designing a system, the following are also taken into account:
- temperature of water entering the pipe;
- material of the sewer system, that is, the degree of its roughness;
- the presence of stop valves and pressure loss during the passage of wastewater through it;
- pipe diameter;
- the speed of movement of the effluents and the location of the system itself - horizontal, gravity, or with the rise up
With a complex sewer system, calculations must be trusted to professionals, otherwise design errors will affect the operation of all equipment in the future.
Installation Steps
They install equipment most often behind the toilet, in the kitchen and in the sewage pit. Before installing the sewer pumps yourself, read the instructions several times.
A submersible pump may have legs that attach to a concrete base. Such models are usually installed before they begin to use the sewer system. If the need for installation arose during operation of the septic tank, the unit is weighted and lowered to the bottom of the pit. The ropes should be strong, it is better to use a nylon or stainless steel chain.
For kitchen or toilet pumps, it is important that the size of the inlet and outlet pipes matches. Install these units according to the instructions is not difficult.
Operation and maintenance
If the device is selected correctly, it will be used without problems for about 7-8 years. The only thing that should not be allowed is the ingress of large particles into the cutting mechanism - towels, feminine hygiene products, clothing. This can cause the knives to jam.
Submersible fecal pump is able to grind the fabric, rubber when pumping liquid from the pit, but if stone or metal products get under the knife, this can cause the pump to break.
Equipment repair may be necessary in the following cases:
- the quality of the pumped liquid does not match the parameters of the equipment;
- improper installation or operation;
- non-compliance with the rules of protection of pumping equipment;
- lack of electrical protection with frequent voltage drops;
- motor overheating;
- depressurization of the case and water entering the motor;
- mechanical damage;
- wear of rubbing parts.
In the presence of a warranty card, all breakdowns are eliminated in service centers subject to proper installation and operation.
The prices of sewage pumps in a private house depend on performance, power, pressure. Domestic units, if they are manufactured efficiently, are slightly cheaper than imported samples, since expensive materials and components are used in the production. It is not recommended to save on equipment that is planned to be used for a long time, otherwise the repair will cost more than the device itself.
