Installation of the sewerage of a country house is associated with many nuances. Having decided to install a septic tank, you need to focus on:
- Legislation;
- Landscape features;
- Baseline: how many people will live in the house, what will be volley discharges, how many drain points will be connected to the sewer.
A correctly installed septic tank should be:
- Suitable in all respects to the type of soil;
- Satisfying all the needs of the family;
- Placed in the right place on the site;
- Installed in compliance with installation technology suitable for a particular type of septic tank.
Incorrect choice of type and location for the installation of a septic tank can ruin relations with neighbors, harm the environment, and encounter problems with the incorrect functioning of the entire sewer system and its breakdowns.
In our country, the scope of suburban construction is regulated by SNiP (building norms and rules). They give clear recommendations on the placement of sewer systems: they indicate the standard distances from water protection zones, neighbors, houses, fences and roads. If you violate the rules given in SNiPs, you can get a big fine.
It is important to choose and install a septic tank from different points of view.
Basic parameters for selecting a place for a septic tank
It is a mistake to assume that to begin work on arranging sewage in a country house you need to choose a place for a septic tank.
The first thing you need to focus on is the type of landscape and soil. It depends on what septic tank is suitable in each specific situation. And this will allow you to understand how much space is needed for the selected type of septic tank, which section is suitable for its placement.
To select a septic tank and a place for it, define:
- Groundwater level;
- Type of soil (sand, clay, loam, quicksand, etc.);
- How many people will use the sewer;
- What is the maximum salvo discharge (in the presence of a large bath, you need to lay a resource in 200-300 liters of water, which will merge at a time).
Concrete rings (septic tank)
Only suitable for soil with a low level of groundwater. When installing such a septic tank in places where groundwater rises high in spring after snow melts and in autumn, or is always at such a level (higher than at a depth of 2-2.5 m from the earth's surface), it can seriously harm the environment. And to ourselves, first of all.
Mingling with what will be in a septic tank made of concrete rings, which cannot be completely sealed and isolated, such groundwater will clog the entire surrounding space with harmful bacteria (E. coli, etc.). Such an impact on the ecosystem will affect everything, from contamination of the earth, ending with vegetables that you grow in the garden. This situation is especially dangerous if the water intake point supplying the house is the same concrete well, and not a well that lies at a depth of several tens of meters. But even with a well, the detrimental effect on the ecology of not only your site, but also that of its neighbors will be significant. Hazardous bacteria will enter the soil through concrete, creating a dangerous infectious environment. Soil treatment of the water settled in the septic tank will be absent, which will aggravate the situation.
If the groundwater is low - a septic tank made of concrete rings is a great option. But abandonment of concrete rings follows also for those whose soil is mobile. This applies to clay and quicksand. Soil can move and, acting on concrete rings in the places of their joining, destroy the septic tank.
After the drain should put the second - filter well.The optimal amount is 3 wells. The water coming out after such a treatment will be treated in the soil, which will not harm the environment and your health.
The estimated area for the installation of a septic tank with 3 wells is about 5m in length and 1.5m in width. These are approximate measurements; only a specialist can accurately determine the required area.
In the case of concrete rings, the main thing to remember: the budget option is not always suitable. Making your own sewage system near the house, you need to approach the issue responsibly, focusing on cheapness is fraught with serious health problems that are not immediately apparent.
Storage tanks
Such structures are suitable for any level of groundwater occurrence and type of soil. The main thing in this case is the reliability of the septic tank itself, its high quality, correct installation.
With a seasonally high level of groundwater (when they rise after snowmelt), a septic tank that is a large barrel can push it out of the ground. This is the main problem of poor installation. In order to prevent it from occurring, such septic tanks “anchor”: they are mounted on a concrete slab, tied with chains, or they use their own filling technology during installation (for example, sprinkling with a cement-sand mixture, which hardens and forms a concrete box that holds the septic tank in the ground) .
Another problem with septic tanks is soil compression. It can also occur during improper installation, when there is no protective “box” around the septic tank.
The area required for burying storage septic tanks depends on their volume and the chosen design type for soil post-treatment. If this is a filtration field, then the larger its area - the better, if the filtration well with perforated walls - less space is required, but such post-treatment will be more expensive. It should be borne in mind that with high groundwater, after-treatment should be above the ground - only a bulk filtration field is suitable, the drainage well is inappropriate.
Each manufacturer of septic tanks-drives gives approximate calculations of the appropriate amount of sewerage, based on the number of people in the family. The area that the system occupies depends on this. You can save space by restricting the functions of the septic tank to only the accumulation of effluents, which will be periodically pumped out by the sewer machine. Without drainage and water purification, it will occupy a smaller area.
Installation of storage septic tanks should be entrusted to professionals - only in this case you can be sure that there will be no problems: the septic tank will not float, will not squeeze, will not freeze, etc.
VOC (wastewater treatment plants)
E
then a modern sewer option for a country house. They are a complex system in which an oxygen supply is built in, which contributes to the rapid purification of water.
The main misconception that has spread in connection with the appearance of such sewers is that you can immediately divert water from them into a ditch. It is enough to go to the place where such water is drained to understand that this is only a marketing move by which sellers of such septic tanks try to mitigate their high cost. And also this water is easy to take for analysis. Ecology suffers, since a lot of harmful substances (nitrates, E. coli, etc.) that poison everything around get into the open ground. Soil post-treatment is necessary: after VOC water should be drained into the filter well or on the filtration field, and only then go to the soil for post-treatment.
Thanks to the ergonomic design of the place for aeration plants, the least is required. A treatment station plus a filtering well is the most expensive, but economical in terms of space design, reliable and, with the right approach, high-quality sewage treatment.
SNiPs and standards
Choosing a suitable septic tank and deciding on the area that will be necessary for it, you should study SNiPs. According to SP 42.13330.2016, standards for the removal of sewage from:
- Roads - 5 m;
- Houses - 3 m with a drain by gravity and 5 m with a pressure outlet;
- Streams or rivers - 10 m;
- Trees - 3 m;
- Reservoirs, lakes - 30 m;
- The source supplying water to the house is 50 m.
The correct installation of a septic tank for a country house
Choosing a suitable septic tank, the correct wastewater treatment and the correct location of the sewage system, it is better to entrust the installation to specialists. Usually this requires special equipment, since the foundation pit for any type of septic tank will require a deep one - digging it yourself will be difficult. The correct backfill is also important - the reliability of holding the structure in the soil, the evenness of the surface around the sewer will depend on this.
Only a professional installation with a signed contract and a guarantee for work allows you to have no doubt that there will be no problems with the functioning of the septic tank.
