How to choose the right place and dig a hole under the sewer

Buying a summer house or a country house is a pleasant event, but problems arise along with this. The first of them is the construction of a cesspool for the storage of domestic wastewater. There are many varieties - from budget to innovation. For permanent residence you need to choose a practical, but inexpensive option. The most suitable method according to the criteria is the construction of a septic tank from concrete rings, but there are other solutions.

Types and arrangement of cesspools

For a country house, where people are only in the summer during the period of agricultural work, you can get by with the simplest option from improvised materials. For example, dig a hole and lay it out with the rest of the brick remaining after construction. Such a structure will have to be covered with cement from the inside so as not to pollute the soil on which crops grow. The main thing is to choose the right place. Installation of a cesspool must be done away from housing and a well. If the septic tank is intended only for a street toilet, you can buy bacterial preparations that process fecal matter into fertilizer. For a summer resident, such a tool is just a find - no need to buy expensive manure. The method is absolutely safe and fast.

In a private house, where it is planned to live permanently, a more versatile septic tank is required - you need to properly make a cesspool, so that you do not have to pump it out often.

• Plastic constructions - two or three-chamber. Such a system is capable of accumulating solid waste in the first sealed section, pouring excess liquid into the next tank for cleaning through the filtering fields. For such a choice, it is necessary to observe the condition - a suitable type of soil. Sandy loamy soils and sandstones absorb water well, but loams and clay layers hold it back, so you will have to periodically pump out drains. The cost of ready-made autonomous systems is quite high, depending on the number of containers and their volume, as well as the quality of the polymeric materials from which they are made.
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  Concrete ring construction

  Septic tank made of concrete rings. At a cost, such a solution will cost almost half the price, but you will have to spend money on construction equipment that will deliver materials to the site, as well as help install the rings in the pit. It is difficult to do it manually, there is a risk of dropping and breaking concrete. This design of the cesspool will serve for a long time and in good condition. It is rarely necessary to repair or maintain it. The main thing is that the sewer pipes are laid correctly, otherwise blockages will form often.

If the soil does not allow you to build a septic tank with an open bottom, the best option would be to install a large capacity tank to order less often a sewer. An important point - it is advisable to choose the volume so that it is a multiple of 4, since the tank of the car has a volume of 4 cubic meters.

The most expensive option is to build a biological treatment plant. The principle of its action is the processing of organics by aerobic microorganisms. This is an innovative technology that allows us to achieve 98% purity of water. For this service you will have to contact specialized companies that perform custom-made construction work. It is expensive, because in addition to arranging the tanks themselves, it is necessary to connect electronic process control systems. The most profitable option is to cooperate with the whole village and order a station. It will be expensive for one person.

Regulatory requirements

So that the regulatory authorities do not reject the septic tank, it is necessary to calculate the location of the object, its volume and design, taking into account the soil in this region.

The following standards should be observed:

• The distance from the residential building is from 5 to 10 meters. This is due to the fact that the septic tank emits a peculiar smell, it is not desirable to place it close to the windows. Ventilation of the cesspool will work continuously - in summer or winter. The second reason is the erosion of the foundation if the septic tank has an unpressurized design. It threatens the deformation of the foundation and the collapse of the wall.
• The distance to the well is at least 25 meters with loamy soil and more than 50 m with sand. Fluid in a well is groundwater into which bacteria and toxins from a septic tank can enter. With a sealed design, this distance does not matter. The same applies to the artesian well, which replenishes its reserves from lower soil horizons.
• The septic tank is allowed to be located only on its own site and at a distance of 1 meter from the neighbor’s fence, as well as at an acceptable distance from their sources of drinking water.

In some regions, laws exist that require permission to build a certain type of septic tank. In this case, it is better to use the services of a company that has a license and can provide a guarantee for its work.

Design and implementation of necessary calculations

In order for the sewage system in a private house to function continuously and less need repair and cleaning, you must be guided by the following rules:

• If possible, the main line is direct from the house to the septic tank. If this is not possible, it is necessary to calculate the turns: they should not be located at right angles - these are potential places for blockages.
• If the amount of rainfall in the region is large, it makes sense to make a separate storm sewer, which will collect only rainwater.
• Access roads are provided so that the sewer machine can reach the bottom of the pit with a hose. Otherwise, you will have to make a spare tank and put a fecal pump to pump waste closer to the road.
• Take into account the depth of the groundwater. The depth of the cesspool should be higher.

The necessary tools and equipment are ordered based on the selected type of septic tank. Dig a hole under the sewer manually with a shovel for longer and harder. An excavator will do this in a couple of hours, and a construction crane will install heavy rings in an hour.

Installation Steps

Stages of the construction of a drain pit from concrete or reinforced concrete rings:

1. Calculate the volume based on the number of residents - on average 1 person spends 150 liters of water, add to this the flow from the washing machine.
2. Mark up the site, taking into account the norms of SNiP and the convenience of laying sewer pipes.
3. Dig a hole of the desired diameter with a margin of about 30 cm on the sides to make a hydraulic lock from clay.
4. Pour concrete bottom using reinforced mesh. If the septic tank is open, pour a layer of gravel about 50 cm. When the concrete hardens, you can continue to work.
5. Using a crane, place concrete rings on top of each other. You can build a formwork and pour cement mortar - this will give the structure integrity and there will be no problems with sealing. The joints between the rings are coated with a water-repellent solution. Wet clay is applied from the outside, which will protect the soil from toxic effluents.
6. Cut a hole for the inlet pipe and seal the joints.
7. They lay pipes and connect to the internal sewerage.
8. Check the system, fill the highway with sand and soil.

At bends, if any, it is necessary to make revision manholes to care for sewers.

Cost of work

The fastest option for the construction of a septic tank is to entrust the work to specialized companies, where the total cost includes the design of sewers, the price of digging cesspools, the delivery of their own materials and craftsmen to the site, and cleaning up the area after installation. Typically, such companies give a guarantee for several years of service and conduct routine inspections and maintenance of septic tanks. The cost of work is determined depending on the region and the design of the sewer system.