When operating electrical equipment and conventional household appliances, there is always a danger of electric shock. The requirements of current standards provide for the adoption of special measures of protection against electric shock. Their use can reduce the risk of high voltage on the human body. A reliable guarantee of safety is the means of protection against electric shock.
How to avoid electric shock
It is possible to avoid unpleasant consequences when working in electric networks, provided that the Intersectoral Rules on labor protection are observed in terms of maintenance of electrical installations. In addition, the necessary electrical safety measures are regulated by a number of industry and state standards, one of which is presented by the current GOST 12.2.004–91. The provisions of these documents include the following sections:
- general security measures;
- organizational activities;
- security techniques.
In a separate section, they provide rules for working with network equipment.
General provisions stipulate a wide range of issues, the main of which are:
- to which personnel the effect of these rules applies;
- requirements for the state of electrical installations in terms of equipment with their protective equipment;
- requirements for operational personnel, as well as features of maintenance of technical systems;
- general order of work and their documentary support.
Network requirements for labor protection determine the rules of work in industrial and domestic electrical networks. They relate to the maintenance and repair of electrical appliances of various classes. These include such common wiring accessories as energy meters, sockets, junction boxes, as well as circuit breakers.
Protection Classification
WITH
Protection against electric shock are divided into the following main categories:
- collective protective products;
- individual means to protect a working person from high voltage;
- technical devices that ensure the safe operation of equipment.
The first category includes indirect means of protection: protective shields and barriers, warning posters and special signs. They allow you to secure the operator in the performance of work both organizationally and technically.
Personal Protective Equipment
Personal protective equipment against electric current includes the following items:
- protective insulating clothing;
- special shoes and glasses;
- rubber gloves and rugs;
- rubberized overlays for the working tool.
For work in electric networks, a special tool is used with insulated handles that protect against contact voltage.
In accordance with the provisions of the Intersectoral Rules, access to work is permitted only with the presence of individual protective equipment. According to the importance of the tools used, they are divided into main and auxiliary devices and tools. The first group includes dielectric gloves, a power tool with insulated handles and measuring pincers. The second group (additional) is represented by such items as dielectric galoshes and carpets, as well as insulating supports and linings.
Technical protection measures
The following measures are referred to the technical methods of protection against electric shock:
- the use of electric wires in double insulation, supplemented by a protective sheath;
- use of special equipment: automatic devices and residual current circuit breakers;
- Mandatory grounding of all equipment and electrical appliances included in the network.
Each of these approaches helps protect a person in an emergency - if double insulation is damaged, for example.
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h2> Rules for selection, use and storage
The use of personal protective equipment can be used only if the established procedure for their operation is observed. In accordance with the requirements of the Intersectoral Rules, the following recommendations are followed in their application:
- it is allowed to use only those devices and tools that have a special marking indicating the manufacturer, year of manufacture and mark of the last calibration;
- insulating electrical protective equipment is allowed to be used only for their intended purpose;
- tools are used to measure the electrical quantities for which they are designed;
- when working with them, it is not allowed to touch directly on the working part located outside the bounding ring (stop).
There may be situations when among the protective equipment damaged samples are detected. In this case, they are withdrawn from circulation in accordance with the procedures approved in the regulations.
The storage requirements are as follows:
- all measuring instruments and protective clothing are stored in securely closed rooms without access by unauthorized persons;
- rubber and polymer products that are constantly in operation are contained in cabinets or on shelves of racks separately from other protective equipment;
- all products in stock are stored only in dry rooms at air temperatures from 0 to 30 degrees;
- insulating rods, as well as measuring clamps and special voltage indicators are contained in conditions that exclude the deflection of their body and contact with foreign objects.
Rubber products are stored at a considerable distance from containers with acids, alkalis, oils and gasoline reserves. In addition, they need protection from direct exposure to sunlight and heat fluxes from heating devices. Recommended removal is at least one meter.
A protective tool to protect people from electric shock is a very broad concept that includes not only individual objects. It also includes special measures of an organizational or technical plan that increase the safety of working with electrical equipment.
