When installing an intercom, special attention is paid to the quality of the cable - whether it meets all the standards and requirements. This is due to the fact that not all varieties of wires are suitable for establishing communication between the visitor and the subscriber.
Doorphone Requirements
Each type of construction work has its own specific and general operating requirements. For intercom wires, they are as follows:
- To power the external unit and electronic lock, the voltage value must not exceed 24V.
- If frequent voltage drops are observed, it is recommended to temporarily disconnect the device from power, otherwise the likelihood of a short circuit and fire increases.
- The intercom and all auxiliary elements are placed away from sources of moisture and environments with high humidity.
- The requirements for the insulating layer are presented only to those wires that are on the street. Their surface should be wrapped with polyethylene insulation.
- If there is damage to the cable as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal stress, the damaged part of the circuit or the entire cable is replaced.
RK-75 - Coaxial cable for connecting a video intercom with a copper central conductor - The electromagnetic field emanating from some types of wires can distort the operation of the intercom, therefore it is more advisable to give preference to modifications equipped with a separate shielding.
- If the resistance value is 20 ohms, the device is used to establish communication over long distances.
Electricians for the smooth operation of the electromagnetic lock recommend connecting a separate cable to it.
The length of the wire depends on the remoteness of the location of the call panel. If the distance is not more than 15 meters, use any kind of cable; if the interval is much longer, experts recommend considering the following models:
- UTP
- STP;
- FTP
- KSPV-4 * 0.5;
- ShVEV;
- ShVEP.
-
- STP
-
- KSPV-4x0.5
-
- FTP
-
- UTP
-
- ШВЭП
-
- Shvev
A feature of the models is the combined structure. They are designed to work both indoors and outdoors around the perimeter.
Description of models
There is a wide variety of cables and each of them is used for specific purposes.
| Cable brand | Description |
| ШВЭП and ШВЭВ | Specially designed for connecting video intercoms. This is confirmed by the presence of one core with a shielding braid. They are used to connect the system over long distances without distorting image and sound quality. |
| KSPV | The model is universal. Used to connect both audio and video intercom, but for short distances. Also KSPV is widespread for connection of system in apartment buildings. The main disadvantages of the model, experts attribute the inconvenience of installation due to the high rigidity. |
| Twisted pair UTP 5e | Used to connect systems over short distances (no more than 10-15 meters). UTP 2 and UTP 4 are additionally used for connection. The main disadvantages include a low degree of noise immunity. |
| KVK-2P | It is preferable to use for cottages and country houses when the call bar is located on the street. To ensure that the camera is constantly provided with voltage, lay a separate line. To save money, it is better to give preference to combined models. Inside the winding there are 2 types of conductive conductors. One of them is coaxial, its resistance reaches 55 Ohms.A screened core is located in the center, parallel to it are two lines designed for power supply. |
The assortment of cables in stores is extremely large. To choose the most suitable, you need to familiarize yourself with their characteristics and compare with the requirements of the system.
Cable for video intercom
Intercom systems equipped with video are quite demanding, therefore, when choosing auxiliary components and performing installation work, they are vigilant.
For high-quality and trouble-free operation, four-core cables are connected to the system. Also, experts advise buying models with a separate shielded housing. Thanks to this, it will be possible to improve image quality. A shielded core protects the signal from interference.
At the stage of installation, the wires are laid primarily between monitors and outdoor panels. Each of these devices must be included in the overall system.
Power supply in the 12 V circuit, this indicates the complete safety of the use of such wiring.
In order to avoid emergency and emergency situations, wires for the intercom are laid separately from the power electric lines.
How to choose a wire for the intercom
Before proceeding with the selection of wires, they are determined with the type of intercom installed. If the system is equipped with an audio system, a two-wire wire is used for the intercom.
If the system with a video intercom, you should pay special attention when choosing a cable, because these devices are very demanding and capricious. They require a minimum of 12 V. In this case, four-wire wires are used to provide communication with the panel, built-in monitor and to ground the structure.
When choosing a wire, the distance to which the signal will be emitted is of great importance. The larger it is, the longer the wire and its cross section should be, since the signal quality will depend on this.
Layout and Installation Recommendations
Before starting work, you need to prepare work equipment and supplies.
- construction knife;
- self-tapping screws (their number depends on the number of connected devices);
- latex gloves;
- putty;
- insulating tape;
- cable (length, section size and model selected individually);
- hammer drill;
- wire cutters, screwdriver and pliers.
When all the consumables and working equipment is prepared, they begin to familiarize themselves with the recommendations and the wiring algorithm for the intercom:
- For two-way communication, it is required to calculate the footage by measuring the distance from the intercom to the unit.
- The cable is selected depending on the length.
- If the intercom is installed in the entrance of a multi-storey building, a common riser is held inside, along which wires will run.
Special attention should be paid to the thorough masking of wires. This is required to create an aesthetic appearance and restrict access to them. If the wires are not hidden, the burglars will easily cut the cable and the owners of the living space will not respond in a timely manner to the potential danger.
