Users who live permanently in urban apartments and private homes very often need additional Internet connection points. In this case, a network outlet is the easiest way out, allowing you to design a connection node in each room. For various types of devices (devices), it can be equipped in the corresponding standard.
What explains the need for outlets
Any Internet user can say that if there is a router, installing LAN outlets throughout the apartment will be an unnecessary measure and duplication of functions. However, many people will object to them, worried about their health and trying to reduce the level of high-frequency radiation generated by the device.
There is another good argument for the LAN socket being installed in the remote rooms of a private apartment building or city apartment. It lies in the fact that even the most expensive and advanced routers are not able to block the significant spaces occupied by modern buildings. Within their borders, there will certainly be a point where the signal is weakened so that there will be no reliable connection. In urban apartments, such a place is a loggia remote from the router, where Internet access in summer is also in demand.
If there is an extensive network of connected LAN outlets, all questions regarding the reliability of communication in large areas and suburban mansions are automatically removed.
Outlet classification
For the right approach to the selection of a suitable sample of power outlets, you will need to familiarize yourself with the existing classification of products designed for a unified RJ-45 connector. But first you need to understand the features of this connection standard, formed using a typical 8-wire cable, called a “twisted pair”. The product received this name due to the characteristic interweaving of twisted wires placed in a shielded cable. Through this standard, most high-speed communication channels are organized in networks of various categories.
Network information exchange experts have adopted the classification of twisted pair outlets according to the following main characteristics:
- number of simultaneously connected connectors;
- information transfer rate over the network;
- the method of fixing on the walls and other working surfaces of the premises.
In accordance with the first sign, single, double, and also of a special design terminal sockets with up to 8 connectors are distinguished. Another type is known related to combination products. They provide additional interfaces, such as audio, USB, HDMI, and others, combined with RJ-45.
According to the speed of information transfer, all known socket connectors are divided into the following categories:
- Twisted pair 3E - information transfer rate up to 100 Mbit / second.
- The same product, but designated as 5E - up to 1000 Mbps.
- Sixth category - up to 10 Gb / s.
According to the method of mounting the socket, twisted pair is divided into embedded / internal and overhead products. In the first variety, the contact group is buried in a niche in the wall, and in outdoor models it is located on the surface and is closed by a cover plate.
Fields of application
In addition to the purely home use case, power outlets are traditionally installed on a number of objects:
- Offices, classrooms and premises with server equipment located on them;
- Internet centers and library sites;
- IT stores and repair shops;
- secret laboratories and other facilities with limited access.
For modern offices, in addition to installing routers, the presence of RJ-45 sockets is required, allowing you to connect the PC station to the Internet and your own local networks.
In the premises of highly classified organizations, embedding wall outlets into the walls is the only way to safely access the Internet, since any emitting systems are prohibited in them. This precaution is due to the fact that secret information can be intercepted through wireless transmission.
Cable Layout Features
When laying the cable for Internet outlets, certain rules must be followed, the content of which depends on the type of cable, as well as on the location of the connections. The following types of cable products are traditionally used to organize Internet networks:
- twisted pair UTP;
- fiber optic lines;
- coaxial cable.
In addition to the type of connection, when designing it, it is important to pay attention to the type of core and the method of shielding the entire cable product.
The rules for laying any type of cable are regulated by the requirements of the current standards ISO / IEC 11801 and ANSI / TIA / EIA-568A. They take into account the following features of the installation procedure:
- UTP twisted pair can be stacked with a maximum bending radius of at least 8 external diameters. Violation of this requirement will lead to the destruction of insulation and increase external interference.
- When laying a shielded cable, it is important to ensure the integrity of its protective sheath.
Failure to comply with these rules will nullify all efforts to establish a reliable Internet connection.
Laying twisted pair in the apartment
Laying the line from the access point to the side of the PC or switchgear is performed by a single cable without the formation of butt joints. Entering a twisted pair into the apartment is organized through a hole in the wall adjacent to a common corridor. It is made out of a plastic sleeve cut from a pipe of suitable diameter.
On the route section from the floor shield to the entrance to the apartment, the cable is laid in the box. In the same way, its open wiring is made inside on the walls of the apartment. In this case, instead of the duct, standard cable channels or skirting boards of a special design (with voids for laying wires) can be used. They have removable covers that, when placed in niches of a twisted pair, simply snap into place. The cable is then routed to where it is connected to an RJ 45 outlet.
Features of installation and connection
The order of installation of outlets in the selected place is determined by the method of laying the twisted pair cable (it usually fits openly). Therefore, for their placement, a surface method is used. Before connecting a twisted pair to a power outlet, you first have to tackle its disconnection, which means cutting the individual cores and preparing them for connection.
Twisted pair cutting is carried out according to special schemes, which can be found on any Internet page of the relevant subject.
If it is necessary to connect a tattered cable or build it up, it is not allowed to use a solder or twist. This will require special adapter boxes.
There are several options for crimping the cable (pinout its ends to connect to the network jack), indicated by the following schemes:
- straight 8-conductor cable;
- 8-wire crossover;
- straight 4-conductor cable;
- 4-wire crossover.
A direct 4-wire cable can connect telephone lines.
Each twisted pair connection to an outlet in this list is suitable for certain situations, depending on the type of devices being connected. According to the diagrams given on the Internet, the first type is used to organize a channel between a PC and a router serving a fast Internet line. The third type of wiring for Internet connections is suitable when using a slow data transfer protocol. Crossovers are in demand in special situations when you need to combine two identical ports (two PCs, for example) through LAN sockets.
Connection check and possible errors
After completing the installation of the power outlet and installing the connector on the working end of the cable, it is necessary to check the connection for reliability of the formed connections. For this, it is most convenient to use a cheap Chinese device that generates test pulses. Its driver unit is used instead of the router, and the receiver plugs directly into the outlet. After applying pulsed signals to the receiver, they are compared. If everything was connected correctly, the green LEDs on the device alternately light up.
Possible installation errors are divided into three types:
- violation of the protocol (the order of connection of cores);
- wrong type of connection;
- wire damage during stripping.
Subject to the connection requirements, the power outlets will last a long time and provide a reliable high-speed connection.
