The market is oversaturated with an abundance of voltage rectifiers, represented by more than a dozen global brands. Each of them varies in type of nutrition, functionality and stabilization principle. Due to such a variety of devices, users do not know which model to prefer. The most effective is an inverter voltage stabilizer, popularly referred to as a double conversion normalizer.
Internal structure
An inverter stabilizer is an automatic regulator of mains voltage, capable of transmitting current with the same frequency and constant voltage indicator, with a deviation of no more than 0.5% from the normalized value.
Inverter type rectifiers are not without reason considered the best on the market. They stand out for their principle of operation, based on a different structure than electronic normalizers. The output voltage always shows the same value.
A classic inverter consists of the following elements:
- input filters - designation VX;
- rectifier and corrector power factor indicator - B and KKM;
- block of capacitors - VIP;
- DC-to-AC voltage conversion devices - INV;
- microcontroller - MK.
Some elements of this circuit, such as a rectifier and a current converter, also apply to stabilizers based on the IGBT transistor group. Integrated bipolar transistors with an insulated gate are integrated in their structure. The second feature is the presence of a metal oxide conductor of the Mosfet model.
Principle of operation
The double rectifier during operation performs only 2 key functions:
- converts alternating current to direct current;
- the second function is reverse - converts a direct current type into an alternating current.
The first stage of operation includes devices such as a power factor corrector and a direct rectifier. Simply put, an alternating current is unstable and penetrates the equipment through a filter, which rectifies it and makes it constant. Also, frequencies lend themselves to filtering. After such manipulations, the current takes on a virtually flawless sinusoid shape.
The advantage is that in this situation, power indicators significantly increase. The ratio of power increase reaches literally 1.0. After the filter is passed, the current accumulates in the capacitor block - the secondary power supply.
Further, the inverter normalizers operate according to the following principle: a direct current that has been rectified and converted moves to the inverter, the task of which is to convert it to an alternating current type and form the same sinusoid. Under the influence of the inverter, an alternating current acquires a voltage indicator of 220 V and a frequency with a value of 50 Hz.
Features of inverter stabilizers
Inverter voltage stabilizers for the home are significantly different from rectifiers of the electromechanical and relay types. The key difference is the lack of an automatic transformer. The double conversion procedure can also be compared with switching transformer windings for other types of normalizers. The two-stage conversion process is much more efficient, as a result of which inverters are considered advanced among other devices.
Each voltage surge that is likely at the input to the normalizer is leveled by a capacitor. In this component, energy is accumulated, and then transmitted in the form of an alternating current type.
Benefits
The inverter stabilizer has a lot of advantages, in comparison with devices of a different type. The main ones are:
- functioning in a wide range of input voltage - 115-300 V;
- voltage stability is constantly maintained;
- silent operation;
- the dimensions and mass of the inverter equipment are significantly lower, which is facilitated by the absence of an automatic transformer;
- high-frequency emissions and any interference filtered by the device;
- high rate of efficiency - from 90%;
- speed of regulation of input and output current.
The advantages of the stabilizer are very significant. It is simply impossible to meet them all on devices of a different type.
disadvantages
Despite the mass of advantages, even a single-phase stabilizer has its own disadvantages. The main one is the high price. Another disadvantage is that inverter devices reduce the input voltage range. The greater the power of devices connected to the network through the normalizer, the smaller this range becomes.
terms of Use
Inverter-type rectifiers are quite unpretentious in operation. This is best expressed on characteristics such as resistance to ambient temperature and high humidity. Almost all models of these devices operate without problems in temperature conditions from -40 / + 40 degrees. The maximum withstand humidity is 95%.
However, the stabilizer must not be exposed to water or various types of lubricants. Their direct penetration into the device will render it unusable. Even the smallest condensation inside can damage the rectifier.
Connection Features
The procedure for connecting inverter stabilizers is not very complicated and does not take much time. Nevertheless, it is better to entrust it to the master.
Before connecting the device, you must turn off the entire home network. You can connect the rectifier both in front of specific devices, and immediately after the counter.
Many models of inverters are connected to the network via terminals. First, the input wiring is connected, which will supply current. To do this, it is required to establish in the power shield which cable is “zero” and which “phase”. Do not forget about grounding.
A wire with a “phase” is connected to the terminal - designation L or L1. A wire with a “zero” is connected to the zero terminal. The cross section of the input wiring must not be less than 2.5 mm.
Criterias of choice
When choosing an inverter-type rectifier, one should be guided by its following characteristics:
- device power;
- permissible load level;
- speed of voltage equalization;
- output voltage form;
- accuracy of the specified parameters;
- value of permissible fluctuations;
- operational conditions.
Power is the most important criterion for choosing a stabilizer. These characteristics of the device are selected in accordance with the factor of how many consumers will be connected to it - one apartment or the entire apartment building.
It is necessary to carefully calculate all the potential load on the rectifier. 25% of the reserve power is added to the obtained value so that the device does not experience maximum load.
Double conversion inverter stabilizers
Double conversion inverter rectifiers have these key features:
- Devices perform the conversion of DC voltage to AC. They are manufactured using semiconductor elements IGBT or Mosfet, which are installed on radiators.
- You can control the rectifier using a PWM controller.
- Double conversion instruments have a good level of protection against significant surge voltage.
- A special microcontroller controls the device functions.
- The stabilizer is equipped with a quartz oscillator, which guarantees a high-quality output current.
Thanks to new technical solutions, inverters for the home make it possible to find output voltage with a rated value, the maximum deviation of which does not exceed 1%. Inverter type stabilizers are the only device that strictly controls the frequency indicator.
