What to do if there is no grounding in the apartment - instructions for conducting

The content of the article:

Grounding example
Existing Grounding Systems
How to make grounding in an apartment if it is not
Stages of independent conduct
Where to get grounding in the floor board
What to do is not recommended

The need for grounding in a new building is connected, first of all, with the tasks of protecting residents from electric shock and ensuring the functionality of devices connected to sockets. However, it must be remembered that an incorrectly mounted design or the use of an erroneous wiring may lead to the failure of household appliances.

Grounding example

Grounding the bath in the apartment

It is necessary to ground the wiring in order to prevent a shock with a capacitive current that occurs as a result of a voltage leakage on the branch of the LC filter, the middle of which is connected to the device body. Such filtering devices are used, for example, in some models of washing machines. When connecting the washing machine to an ungrounded socket, the potential difference between the surface of the device and a person in the neighborhood will be equal to the input voltage divided by 2. The described case is also fraught with the possibility of a false positive trip.

If you take one hand for zero and the other for phase, the body will become a conductor between different potentials

Another example is the prevention of the effects of electromagnetic incompatibility of devices connected to a network. If the zero working cable is broken, in this case all devices connected to the network fail. Grounding is also important to protect electronic computing devices from electrical discharges from the human body. It has low power, but sometimes it is enough to make the device out of order or start to freeze. The grounding system equalizes the potentials, thereby preventing the situation when, while touching the heating pipe and the working panel of the computer, the latter starts to fail due to an electric discharge.

Existing Grounding Systems

To make grounding, if it is not in the apartment, the tenant must study the features of the systems used.

In the practice of electrical work are used:

TN-C is a very popular, but not very reliable system without an additional circuit and protective cable. The functions of the last and working zero are combined in a PEN cable. Input cables are PEN and three phase, output cables are PEN and one phase.
TN-S differs from the previous one by the separation of the neutral and protective conductors throughout. Then the number of cables at the input and output is 5 and 3, respectively.
TN-C-S - from the substation to the apartment, the conductors are connected, but in the ASU they are separated, and the list of input and output wires is identical to the TN-S system, but the implementation will cost less.
TT - voltage passes through zero and three phases, and the ground wire is separated from the neutral and placed at the entrance. The scheme is perfect for the private sector.
IT - electricity goes through the three phase cables, and the neutral is separated from the ground, and the reliability of isolation must be constantly monitored. Suitable for electrical installation.

TT

IT

If in doubt when choosing a system, it is recommended to consult a competent electrician.

How to make grounding in an apartment if it is not

Ground circuit

If the house does not have grounding, the tenant should consider options for organizing the grounding system in a high-rise building. The following cases are possible:

The preferred option is to ground the wiring, observing all the rules of the PUE. To find out the appropriate type of system, you can contact an electrician servicing the house.If it is about grounding in an old-built apartment building, you need to find out if you plan to change the legacy system to TN-C-S.
In low-rise buildings (less than 5 floors) for one or several apartments, it is possible to make a TT-grounding, to organize a separate circuit, independent of the source.

It is strictly forbidden to use “quick” options like installing a protective cable for a separate apartment - this is fraught with consequences for the health of residents.

Stages of independent conduct

The sequence of work is determined by which connection scheme will be applied. When upgrading old high-rise buildings, the TN-C-S option is used. For him, the algorithm will look like this:

turn off all traffic jams and machines, turn off the current in the apartment;
provide a clear view of the wiring; remove plaster;
remove the sockets and connect wires with stripped ends to their contacts;
connect the socket outlets and then de-energize the entire apartment building (or riser);
Organized grounding connected to the common phase.

After that, you can turn on the power supply in the building and the apartment itself.

Where to get grounding in the floor board

If grounding is not provided by the developer, consumers are most interested in how to protect themselves from electric shock. There are two safe ways to solve this problem.

RCD connection

RCD connection diagram

The residual current device cuts off the power to the unit, which has a current leak (as well as the corresponding outlet). In addition to this, you can replace the wiring in the apartment with a three-wire one. If at the entrance after this they will carry out grounding work, the owner will only have to bring the PE cable to the desired shield bus.

Mounting your own circuit

A copper single-core PE cable of at least 4 mm in diameter is laid to the basement. Near the house there are 3 corners made of metal. The triangle is connected to the wire, its second end is mounted on the shield. Now the apartment ground must be connected to the shield ground.

What to do is not recommended

It is forbidden to use water and gas pipes as grounding conductors

Sometimes, in order to save money, apartment owners try to use “non-standard” options for organizing grounding - for example, a jumper between the ground and the protective conductor, screwing the protection only for their apartment, the use of heating or gas pipes as grounding conductors. Doing this is strictly prohibited.

Local intervention in the network with the help of “quick solutions” does not protect against emergencies, moreover, its organizer will not be able to present a material risk due to the lack of an official right to make upgrades to the existing system. Using pipelines as grounding can result in the death of a tenant or the destruction of a building.

Before organizing a grounding system, you should consult with housekeepers regarding your preferred system. Unauthorized actions can cause serious damage to the inhabitants of the apartment.

Vladimir

there is no accuracy in the RCD connection diagram - connecting a lighting lamp with a switch, the switch must break the phase wire, this is not critical, but still? !!!

To answer

If you live on the 5th floor, then you need to lead a wire into the basement? What to drill through all floors of the slab? And who will allow it

Victor

Becoming I was written in a language incomprehensible to the average person. Everything is confusing and no specifics.
I also have no grounding in the nine-story building. And in order to somehow protect myself from the breakdown of the washing machine on the casing, I nullified its casing and make sure that the electricians do not change the phase with zero.And what else could I do if you know, tell me a way, just explain it easier.

Yuri

The housing of the floor guard on the 5th floor must be reliably connected by a bus to the housing of the input switchgear (ASU) in the switchboard, which is connected to the main grounding bus (GZSh), to which the protective earth conductor is connected from the ground loop, therefore a separate protective earth (PE) wire is laid about the housing of the switchboard will fulfill its role (the neutral conductor N is also connected to the housing of the shield). The system is called TN-C-S. All this is written in the article, and if you still ask a question, it’s better to pay the money to a specialist, because you’ll probably make it stupidly.

Only a short-sighted person will follow this, all “0” are connected to the chassis bus, and the phase through the machine to the meter. Well, and what kind of electrician will change their places. In general, if you do not understand anything, then do not read. The article covers the basics of electrical engineering and a very understandable language.

Eugene

Electricians can change the phase to zero with a good repair with the wires coming from the apartment. Previously, experienced ones were allowed, now they can work inaccurate. Victor, put the RCD in the box for the machine. "Ground" from the input is zero with a RCD with a separate wire. From all errors it will work RCD plus is convenient to turn off the machine, because. the button is not off. (the input board, like a TV, is live). An electrician (not everyone) will help you with these tricks

Evgeny Guryevich

Victor,
I also live in a nine-story building with a two-wire system, and the sockets of the washer and boiler installed in the 2x2 m bathroom, I connected each one with my wire VVG-ng 3x2.5 mm2, leading them through the walls through the SHIELD from the pieces of polyethylene pipes of the heated floor to the floor RC, connecting phase wires to it through the AV-16s laid out on the wall (in a box screwed to a 10-mm plywood), zero wires to its bar in the shield (until that day, the electrician had repaired our shield with a complete replacement and fittings with a modern company “ ABB ”, and wires), and grounding - each n SEPARATE screw screwed into the shield case.
If there is no zero bar, tighten the screw into the shield body, but ten cm further from the ground plane.
So I was recommended by THREE PROFILE electricians, NOT familiar with each other.

Igor

TT is currently banned in Russia. The switch through "0" categorically prohibits the PUE. Light through an RCD? What regulatory document can the author refer to? No need to write about what you are poorly versed in. Write about football!