Water supply for most settlements is difficult. Therefore, it is impossible to do without water towers, which stabilize the pressure and uniform supply of the resource to all houses. Such a design can be arranged in different ways, but this does not affect its performance.
Definition and purpose of a water tower
The water tower is a high hydraulic structure. It is designed to pump and store large volumes of water. The internal structure is made in the form of pipes rising to different heights. With the help of such a structure, the population can use water with the supply of good pressure. The total volume of the tank that is present in the water tower is 50 cubic meters. It is a good alternative to other types of water supply.
Predominantly similar reservoirs are constructed in horticultural areas where massive water consumption occurs. Installation performs the following functions:
- maintains pressure in the pipeline system so that a person can use the resource without loss of pressure;
- has an emergency supply of water, so if you need to make repairs at the source, you do not need to turn off water consumption at subscribers;
- prepares water for use with the help of special cleaners;
- aligns the operation of pumping equipment so that failures and large pressure surges do not occur.
Regardless of the design features, the water tower always has the same purpose. If the building does not fulfill its function, repair work is necessary.
Types of structures
Inside the high structure there is a pipeline highway, inside each a separate working mechanism is installed. There are several types of water towers, which differ in appearance and feature of work.
- Stone lined structure. Such options were built in the last century. Its basis is red-hot brick, which withstands impressive climatic influences (gusts of wind, precipitation).
- Reinforced concrete construction. Cast water towers are made of hyperboloid blocks, are of artistic value. Such designs are not inferior in strength to other options.
- Water tower on a metal structure. It has a steel frame, in appearance it can have a different stable geometric shape.
- Tower in the form of "Grenades". It is made of two cones of different diameters. The basis of the design is a support in the form of a thick pipe. This option is easy to install, but not convenient for transportation, so they try to transport the structure in parts.
- Individual structure. Commonly used for private purposes. A small tank of up to 500 liters is installed, for which an individual pump station operates. To prepare such a structure, the owner requires an appropriate permit.
The height of the building is chosen so that water flows out of the tank as quickly as possible, without obstacles.
Any tower implies the presence of special stairs and safety rails for maintenance.
Principle of operation
Water towers are installed mainly in summer cottages, private sectors or at enterprises. They create high pressure. Accordingly, the higher the design, the stronger the pressure in the pipeline. The maximum height of the structure is 35 m.
The principle of the water tower:
- From an organized well, which is located in the lower central part of the WB, water enters the tank using a pump.
- After accumulation in the tank, the resource is supplied to the main pipelines suitable for houses.
- As soon as the tank is completely full and water consumption is minimal, the pumping station is switched off before the first volumetric water intake.
- In the event of an accident at the tower, water independently flows through the pipeline to consumers until the tank is completely empty, while the pressure is low in intensity.
The design of the water tower device may vary depending on the type of pumping equipment installed.
All tower installation work should be performed by professional workers with instructions and specific skills. Confirmation is a certificate of competency.
Device
The hydraulic structure has a strict structure that allows you to perform the main task - the supply of water. The structural elements include:
- support - a structure made of durable material;
- storage tank - its volume varies depending on the number of served population, estimated capacity is 50-160 cubic meters;
- pipelines for the reception and allocation of resources;
- overflow zone - will avoid overflowing the tank and prevent an accident;
- electric pump - will quickly pump water into the storage tank;
- control devices, automation are designed to control the pressure in the tank;
- a hatch and external stairs are needed to arrange a visual inspection of the water tower, both inside and outside.
The materials used, treatment facilities must comply with the requirements of sanitary standards.
Specifications
The dimensions of the water tower are calculated taking into account the volume:
| Volume, cubic meters | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 160 |
| Tank diameter | 2400 | 3020 | 3020 | 3020 | 3020 |
| Total height, m | 11,5 | 15,5 | 21,5 | 26,6 | 26 |
| Weight, kg | 2500 | 3100 | 5500 | 12000 | 26600 |
When designing water structures, the state of water is necessarily monitored. The resource must necessarily comply with GOST and sanitary requirements. Otherwise, such a well should not supply water for general use.
The height of the water tower with a metal casing should be no more than 18 m with a constant volume of 3020 mm and weigh at least 2.5 tons.
Installation Steps
The construction of the tower begins only after the exact location of the well. At the preliminary stage, there is a study of the source and its suitability for humans. Further construction is carried out in several stages.
- The tower is installed on a monolithic foundation at a certain depth, depending on the type of structure.
- An internal device is being implemented: a pipeline, a ladder for maintenance. Adjustable pipelines and overflow device are immediately installed.
- A well with pipes is installed under or near the tower, from which the resource is delivered.
- The main structure and housing are mounted at the final stage.
In the area of the water tower, a fence and a security point must be installed in order to protect the structure from adverse anthropogenic impact. Entrance to the territory of the water supply facility in an unauthorized way is prohibited. All gates and gates are closed and sealed.
Before the onset of cold seasons, internal and external pipelines must be insulated.
Before installing the structure that regulates the water pressure in residential buildings, it is necessary to accurately develop a project that indicates all the details that will ensure a full water supply.
During the operation of the water tower, it is recommended to change the external coating annually if the body is made of metal. Typically, the unit is painted with blue or silver waterproof paint.
Water tower prices
The calculation of the cost of constructing a water-pressure structure depends on the depth of the source, as well as the location of the structure. The price is also affected by the choice of material and installation work. The distance of the point from the construction organization, the volume of the storage tank, climatic and geological conditions affects.
On average, a design with a tank diameter of 2,400 mm will be about 220 thousand rubles.
