It is impossible to imagine life in a house without water. Some summer residents carry it in buckets from wells, which takes time and effort. In this state of things, it is impossible to connect a washing machine, to equip a shower or a bathroom. To carry out water supply to the house, not so much is needed - pipes and a water pump.
Purpose of water pumps for domestic water supply
If the site already has a well or a well, the water in the house is a matter of time. It remains to calculate how many liters per day you need for a comfortable stay, to decide on the types of pumps that manufacturers offer. This is an important issue, because I don’t want to overpay, since the prices of pumps for supplying water are quite high.
Pumping equipment is designed to pump water from wells, wells, reservoirs to consumption points - a house, a garden. Depending on the depth of the tank, its width, as well as the degree of purity of the liquid, it is necessary to choose a pump for the water supply of a private house or other purposes.
Key Specifications
Technical specifications include:
- The type of pump and its design features are jet, self-priming.
- Maximum pressure or head of water.
- The minimum pressure.
- The temperature of the pumped liquid.
- Power.
- IP protection class.
Each device has a technical passport, which indicates for which well it is intended, the debit of the well, which is determined empirically. The diameter of the pipe also matters - the well equipment is wider, it cannot be lowered into the well 150 mm.
To choose the right unit, you need to collect all the necessary data about the well, the amount of water consumed per day, the distance from the well to the water intake point.
Types of Water Pumps
All pumps are divided into three types - submersible, semi-submersible and surface. For surface units, it is necessary to equip a separate room, since their casing is susceptible to environmental influences. In winter, you can’t leave them in a cold room, so insulation is required. Surface devices make a loud noise during operation, installation is carried out away from the living quarters. Among them there are models with various technical characteristics, including pumping stations that can provide water to a private two-story house. The disadvantage is the shallow depth below which the station will not raise water, or will operate at maximum power, which reduces its service life. Water intake is carried out by means of an immersion pipe with a filter at the end so that solid particles do not fall into the housing. Before starting work, the pipe must be filled with water because the pump will not turn on.
Submersible pumps are most in demand. Benefits:
- They get water from any depth, including from artesian wells up to 80 meters.
- Do not overheat, as they are constantly in a cold environment. This increases the resource of work.
- You can choose equipment of any diameter, even for the narrowest well.
- Equipped with a protection system, if suddenly in the summer, groundwater goes below. Usually, the owners notice problems when the engine does not turn on. Then you have to lower the unit below.
- The housing is made of durable materials that are resistant to corrosion. Parts are tightly connected.
Of the minuses:
- To repair submersible equipment, the entire system must be dismantled.
- The possibility of cable breakage during operation.In this case, the unit is drowning.
- Cheap submersible pumps are susceptible to rust formation.
Semi-submersible models combine the design features of surface and submersible types. The lower part of the device is in water, the rest is above it.
Criterias of choice
To choose the right device for water supply at home, you need to know which varieties of construction work more stable and longer. There are pumps:
- vibrating;
- centrifugal;
- vortex.
Vibration equipment is electromagnetic and membrane. In electromagnetic, there are no rubbing parts, which increases their resource. The principle of operation of the diaphragm pump is to change the position of the diaphragm inside the housing and the presence of a vibrator, with which the fluid enters the exhaust pipe. Models are not very productive, although they are well bought by summer residents.
Centrifugal mechanisms work more efficiently. A working shaft with blades inside the housing creates a centrifugal force that pushes water into the pipe. You can buy equipment in various designs - vertical and horizontal, submersible or surface.
Vortex aggregates are able to create a pressure of 2 to 4 times more than centrifugal ones. A vacuum is created inside the structure, water enters and is transferred to the pipe. The disadvantage is that vortex pumps are used only for purified liquids - small solid particles or sand quickly wear out equipment.
To select a pump with the appropriate parameters, the following criteria must be considered:
- well indicators - depth, distance to a water mirror, filling rate;
- line length - horizontal and vertical to determine the height of the water column;
- electric motor power.
If the voltage in the house often drops, it makes sense to install a stabilizer, otherwise the equipment quickly wears out and fails.
Additional details are also important to choose correctly. Submersible pipe is best made of metal or durable plastic. Soft pipes are compressed during suction without letting water pass through. The non-return valve is purchased separately so that the water does not drain back when the pump stops working. It is not always included, but this is an important detail. It is advisable to install a filter if the liquid contains impurities of sand and dirt. Such substances contaminate the pump casing and interfere with its normal operation.
Mounting Features
Before installing the pumping equipment with your own hands, you must carefully read the instructions and prepare all the materials that will be useful in the process additionally.
Depending on the type of pump, there is a certain algorithm for connecting it:
- The construction of a surface pump with insulation and ventilation is being carried out. This item is required if it is decided to install a pumping station.
- A pipe is laid from the well to the house and is insulated.
- Pump parts are being assembled.
- The unit is connected to the pipe. You can try to connect the water pump to the water supply.
Particular attention is paid to the cable on which the submersible equipment will be supported. It should be iron or kapron. The second option is better, as it does not lend itself to corrosion.
Prices for water pumps are quite diverse. A unit of medium power of domestic production is cheaper. If you plan to operate the device for a long time and constantly, it is better to buy imported equipment. It is advisable that the city has a service center for repair or replacement of parts. If you perform the installation yourself, you can save on installation.
