In small summer cottages, it is rarely possible to meet a centralized water supply system. People mainly use water obtained from underground. The mining method may vary. On large areas, deep wells burst reaching limestone rocks. Small areas are equipped with a shallow bailer. To raise water to the surface, pumping equipment is necessary. If it is not possible to purchase an electric unit, you can make a manual pump for water from the well with your own hands.
Why do I need a hand pump
In the 21st century, even the most remote villages and summer cottages were electrified. In pumping water using physical force, there is no need as before. Electric pumps with a capacity of more than 100 liters per minute are installed.
The pump for manual pumping of water acts as an auxiliary mechanism. However, in some situations, this may be the only way to get drinking water.
- If an electrically powered device becomes unusable, it will take time to fix it. In this period, a hand pump will be welcome.
- In summer cottages, there is a practice of regular power outages in order to save money. Having the ability to extract water manually, the owners of the site no longer depend on communal services. Even with a constant uninterrupted supply of electricity, you need to have a backup option.
- Most country houses are sold with adjacent territories not yet suitable for normal life. Until the owner puts the electric pump, it is possible to extract water from the well manually.
Thus, the construction of a pump for manual water intake is a necessary measure.
Types of device
Pumps for wells can have a different principle of internal structure, vary in type of injection mechanism. There are 4 types:
- Piston pump. Inside is a non-return piston valve. The principle of operation is based on lowering the pressure by diluting the air in the inner space. Under pressure, the water rises and stretches out.
- Winged. It is based on the use of centrifugal force, which makes water rise up the pipe. This is possible thanks to the impeller installed inside. The impeller is driven in a circular motion by turning the handle on the outside of the pump.
- Membrane The device is similar to the first option. The difference is that instead of the piston, an elastic membrane is present in the inner chamber. When the volume of the chamber changes under the action of a mechanical drive, a low pressure is created, causing the fluid to come to the surface.
- The sucker rod pump is a type of piston pump. The mechanism inside the camera does not move with full amplitude, but only partially. Water enters into it in small portions in a few movements. As soon as the entire volume is filled, it begins to pour out through the hole located above. In order to prevent water from flowing out of the pump chamber during the movement opposite to the retractor, a rubber non-return valve is installed in it.
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- Membrane
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- Barbell
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- Winged
The most versatile is a piston pump. It lasts on average longer than the rest and requires less repair due to the simplicity of the design.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of using home-made hand pumps for water include:
- Low cost in comparison with other methods of supplying fluid from the well.
- Full autonomy from any power sources. There is no need for electricity and a diesel engine.
- The hand pump does not have any special conditions at the installation site, nor are there operational requirements.
- A simple collapsible design contains primitive parts and assemblies that can be bought in any market for little money in the event of a breakdown.
- The costs of installing a hand pump will be minimal, no need to involve workers and equipment.
- The design is so simple that every owner can assemble and install the pump in a garage, which will save money on the purchase of a finished unit.
The disadvantages of a homemade hand pump for wells are much smaller. The capacity of the mechanism is low compared to electrical counterparts, as it is limited by the physical capabilities of a person. To fill containers with a volume of 200 - 300 l, the manual drive is inefficient, as it takes too much time. Water cannot be produced without direct human involvement, unlike automatic systems.
Criterias of choice
When choosing a manual pump for a well, you need to consider the depth of the tank. When buying, look in the technical specifications with what maximum depth it is able to pump water. The bandwidth of handheld devices is low, but also different. Depends on how much water the inner chamber takes in one movement of the piston.
Units with high throughput, as a rule, require the handle to be pumped with great effort, because the weight of the piston is proportional to its size. Therefore, pensioners and people with disabilities should choose a small design.
The device must be mounted tightly on the well, without cracks and gaps. Pick it by the diameter of the pipe. The most common diameter is 125 mm.
Do not forget about the material from which the pipes are made. A manual pump for a well made of plastic pipes is preferable, since polypropylene is lighter and less susceptible to wear over time.
Take care of comfort while pitching. The handle should be comfortable and not squeeze the palms.
Well installation
The pumping efficiency and the service life depend on the correct installation of the pump. Some rules should be followed.
First of all, you need to find out if an additional filter is needed between the pipes. Some pumps are not designed to pump raw water. Make sure that all the parts are in place, the valves are working properly, there is no excessive friction between the moving parts.
You need to put the pump on the well and look at the quality of the connection. If everything is in order, you can proceed to the connection. Uses ordinary bolts with nuts. Slide the device onto the pipe so that the rim with bolt holes in the borehole matches the pump holes. Insert the bolts and tighten the nuts as tight as possible.
Even if there are no gaps between the devices, an additional seal is recommended. For this, tow or insulation tape is suitable. Under the influence of temperature and weather conditions, pipes may slightly deform with the formation of leaks. For maximum results, you can cover the joint along the perimeter with a liquid sealant.
