When constructing the water supply system of a private house or cottage, it is necessary to take into account many nuances: the well and pumping equipment, pipes and control systems, and water treatment. If there is no experience in such work, it is better to entrust everything to construction companies or invite a consultant who will help you choose materials, equipment, tools, draw up a plumbing system and give valuable instructions on the installation steps.
Water supply of a private house or cottage
Without water supply it is impossible to imagine life in a country house. The presence of a well or well does not mean a comfortable existence, because water will have to be carried in buckets, and household appliances will not be able to work. It’s hard for people of the age to do the washing, washing up, cleaning without a stationary water supply system.
First you need to choose the materials and calculate the water consumption per day in order to buy a pump of suitable capacity. Next, we need a water supply scheme on the site, which will deliver the fluid to the house in the shortest possible way. If there is not even a well near the house, the volume of construction work increases, since a well will have to be drilled.
It is advisable to lay a sewer in parallel with the water supply and install a septic tank to drain the waste. This can be done at the same time - when building a house, these works are combined to save time and money.
Types of water supply systems and their device
There are several water supply systems:
- Branched. In this case, the fluid moves along the main highway and goes to the dead ends - to the houses.
- Roundabout. It is assumed that all sections are interconnected.
- Combined. This is a complex of dead ends of the system and the ring highway. The most common type.
A branched system is used for the water supply of a private house: the liquid from its own well enters the house, garage and other buildings for household purposes - dead ends. Such a system is also called autonomous. Several sections can be connected to it. In this case, the source should have large reserves and be updated quickly. Artesian wells have such characteristics, but require large drilling costs. It is beneficial to build them with the general financial efforts of the residents.
For the city, ring and combined schemes are more often used so that one section does not suffer in case of disconnection of the other.
The general scheme of the water supply system consists of series-connected sections:
- Source.
- Pump.
- Pipeline.
- Accumulator
- The crane in the house.
The main elements are a pump and a hydraulic accumulator, since they produce and maintain pressure in the system, without which the liquid cannot rise to the surface and enter the house.
Installation requirements
Installation of water supply and sewerage should be carried out together with general construction work. It must be completed before finishing work. This reduces costs, as ditches for water and sewer pipes are immediately made, as well as digging a well and a septic tank. In this case, it is easier to comply with sanitary standards for the placement of dirty wastewater and clean water.
The inner pipes can be wrapped with soundproofing materials while the walls are under construction, so as not to return to this problem later. The same applies to the insulation of sewer and water pipes.
The slope of the pipes is important in the arrangement of gravity sewage. In the case of water pipes, it is necessary to correctly calculate the length of the line from the well to the house, take into account the height of the rise of water from the source.
When constructing a water supply system, it is necessary to add inspection wells to the scheme, the same applies to sewer pipes.
Design
The design of water supply systems is carried out by licensed companies. Only in this case will it meet all the standards - sanitary, technical. The plus is that firms give a guarantee on their work and issue relevant documents. In the event of any unforeseen breakdowns, the documentation may suggest the most vulnerable spot. The circuit of the highway and its components will always be at hand - in case of installation on the site of any other buildings.
Design includes:
- layout of household and plumbing devices in the house;
- determination of all points of water intake;
- accounting of all strapping and placement of pipes inside and outside the house.
Hydraulic calculation is the determination of the required pressure and power of the pumping equipment so that the water pressure is sufficient for all points of water intake.
Cold and hot water pipes are designed at the same time so that after finishing work you will not encounter errors, for example, the proximity of the pipes of the hot and cold circuits.
During the design process, the amount of basic and additional materials is calculated.
Tools and materials for water supply
A pipe cutter for plastic will definitely come in handy, since most private traders choose polymer products for equipping the plumbing system, both internal and external. To work with metal-plastic pipes, you need to have a pipe bender that gently bends the plastic and does not create creases. A set of keys to install shut-off valves and other parts.
For street work, shovels may be needed, even if an excavator will dig and dig a hole under a well or septic tank. To measure depth, you need a rope with a load or a long tape measure. When laying sewer pipes, a building level will be needed to measure the slope.
At the same time, in the supermarket, you need to choose materials for isolating the sound coming from the water supply and pipe insulation. It can be any kind of mineral wool - soft or stone - hard materials are suitable for laying in the soil.
Pump selection
After all the calculations, you can immediately buy pumping equipment of the required capacity. The choice in stores is large, but it is important for which source it is intended. For wells - some models, for wells - others.
- Centrifugal type. They are more expensive, but have a good head and are able to get fluid from a depth of up to 300 meters. The submersible pump housing is made of stainless steel, cast iron or brass, therefore it withstands constant exposure to liquid.
- Vibrating. These units are more suitable for wells, as they do not create unrest and do not silt the bottom.
- Vortex are similar in principle to centrifugal, but have a greater pressure.
- Pumping stations - the depth is limited to 8 meters, but the units are equipped with a pressure accumulator.
The selection criteria for the pump are, first of all, power and pressure. If the source is far from home, the head height must take into account the horizontal line, as well as the height of the house and the depth of the well itself.
The productivity of the equipment should not be greater than the production rate of the well so that dry-running sensors do not work if the pump pumps out all the liquid.
The degree of protection is taken into account. This will help to keep the engine in the event of a decrease in fluid level in the well.
Pipes
Most tenants opt for polymers - polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC and metal plastic.Few people prefer metal, cast iron, since the installation of heavy pipes requires the involvement of labor and equipment. A professional welding machine and skilled workers will be required to connect pipe sections.
There are many brands of polypropylene and polyethylene, which are suitable for cold and hot water supply, as well as withstand low temperatures in winter. When buying, you need to know exactly what the materials are for and in what conditions they will be. Technical characteristics of the pipes can be checked with the manager.
If you connect plastic products end-to-end, you may need a device for welding. It is leased by construction companies, since the device is expensive. Building a water pipe from polypropylene pipes with your own hands is much cheaper both in terms of material cost and effort.
Installation sequence
The first step is digging holes under the well and septic tank. For these purposes, order a tractor with a bucket or an excavator. With its help, they also dig trenches for pipes, taking into account their slope. Concrete rings are used for casing or special plastic containers are installed. Plastic is best used for septic tanks. After sealing the joints and installing the bottom filters, a clay lock is made - clay is poured between the walls of the well and the rings. This is necessary so that groundwater does not fall into the source.
Drilling a well is best done on sand or limestone, as the overhead is extremely unstable in the amount of fluid in the summer. For casing, plastic or double pipes are used so that the shaft is not contaminated by rust and can withstand the pressure of the soil.
The following is the laying of pipes and the connection of the sections together. This is done in a welded or coupling manner. Using fittings, the joint is sealed with tow and resin. Polymers can contract and expand under the influence of temperatures, and leaks can occur. Eliminating them in the ground will be difficult.
The sewer line is laid according to the scheme, observing the slope. If it is not provided, a pump is necessary so that sewage flows into the septic tank and does not stagnate in the pipe. On the turning sections and ramifications, observation wells are installed, since it is here that accidents most often occur.
At the same time, the following works are carried out in the house:
- installation of pipes and connecting them to household appliances;
- installation of a boiler or other heating devices;
- installation of metal-plastic pipes for water supply systems and underfloor heating, after which the wiring is poured with concrete.
The last step is to connect the pump. If it is not equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, you will have to do it yourself. You need to buy a hydraulic tank of the appropriate volume, a pressure switch, a pressure gauge and connect the tank to the inlet pipe. If the factory settings are not suitable, they should be changed by twisting the lower and upper springs in the pressure sensor.
After connecting all the nodes, testing is carried out, but until the trenches are covered with earth. If the equipment is working properly, there are no leaks, you can fill the trunk with soil.
Prices for a water supply installation depend on the quantity of building materials, their quality. Depending on the manufacturer’s brand and technical specifications, pumping equipment can also be expensive. If you order all the work in specialized companies, you can save money, as they buy materials and equipment in bulk.
