How are external water supply and sewerage networks installed and what requirements should be observed

The construction of external water supply systems provides private houses or summer cottages with drinking water. Not only efficiency, but also the duration of operation, the complexity of the repair and maintenance work will depend on the quality of the installation of the water main.

Requirements for the arrangement of external water supply and sewage networks

The internal pipeline is always connected to an external water supply network. To supply fluid to the desired object using special pumping equipment and pipes. Installation work is carried out in accordance with regulatory acts of SNiP. An important point - when laying the pipeline network, the depth of soil freezing is taken into account.

When installing an external system, other requirements are also taken into account:

• Project work. Drawing up a project and drawings, obtaining permission to perform these works.
• Availability of required documentation from technical supervision.
• Monitoring the quality of hidden work.
• The use of quality supplies and materials.

Equipping an external water supply and sewage system, you need to properly install the network. Damage, violation of the integrity of other communications that are already laid on this site is unacceptable.

Types of external networks are divided into two large groups:

• A local network is necessary to provide certain objects with water; it is designed in the absence of a centralized highway.
• The centralized network provides water to entire settlements, cities, etc.

The source of water for local networks is a well. Therefore, in addition to lifting water to the surface, it will be necessary to install a surface or submersible pump.

Pipe material for outdoor water supply and sewage

Installation of an external water supply system from polyethylene pipes is the most common today, due to the large number of advantages of the material and the following list of characteristics:

• The size of the outer diameter of the pipe is from 25 mm.
• Operating temperature - up to 40 degrees (low-pressure polyethylene pipeline is intended only for cold water).
• The melting point of the substance is about 125 degrees.
• High indicators of ductility of pipes allow to endure freezing with water inside, without deformation, tears, etc.
• The material is resistant to corrosion, deposits are not formed, therefore, throughput is not reduced. The service life of polyethylene pipes reaches 50 years and above.
• Easy assembly with crimp fittings. It is important that the fittings are in easily accessible places in case of breakdowns, otherwise the pipeline must be welded.
• They can be delivered in the form of separate straight pipes up to 12 meters long or in bays over 50 meters long.

Another advantage is that the material can be delivered up to 1 km long in bays. Indeed, one of the main features of the external water supply system is the absence of a large number of joints along the entire length. Thread connections are prohibited.

Using a special welding machine, it is possible to weld individual parts of HDPE pipes.

When installing an external pipeline in a trench, care must be taken to ensure that the pipe is solid. If this cannot be achieved, it is necessary to connect the parts with fittings or weld, as well as equip a viewing well, which will allow, after repair, to monitor the condition of the joints if necessary.

Preparatory work and installation steps

The simplest technical scheme of an external water supply system includes the following elements:

• pumping station;
• locking mechanism;
• storage tank, which is needed to maintain optimal pressure parameters;
• devices regulating the water supply process;
• pipeline.

All work must be regulated by normative acts SNiP 2.4.2-84, SNiP 3.5.4-85 *. May be:

• ground: on supports and racks with subsequent warming or its absence;
• underground: characterized by trenching.

For the installation of an external water supply in a summer cottage, it is more advisable to give preference to the latter option. For implementation, special equipment and machinery may be required, but if the area is small, you can dig them out yourself.

The steps for installing an external water supply include the following processes:

1. Soil preparation and digging trenches (depth of the pipe at least 0.5 m).
2. Pipe laying and connection.
3. If necessary, warming the elements of the water main.
4. Sealing the place of entry of the pipeline into the house.

Finally, a system check must be made for leaks.

Earthworks

Digging and preparing trenches for the pipeline is carried out according to the following technology:

1. An approximate location of the pipeline network is planned on the infield, and according to the dimensions, excavation is carried out, the depth of the trench depends on the approximate depth of freezing of the soil. As a rule, it ranges from 1.5-1.8 meters. The value of this parameter is also influenced by the duration of low temperatures in the region, soil density and its moisture. The optimal width of the trench is 50 cm.
2. The bottom of the trench must be aligned. If the soil is loose, it is additionally tamped. Before laying pipes, equip a pillow made of gravel or sand.
3. Pipes are placed on the prepared pillow, pits should be made at the joints.

After laying and compaction, the pipeline is covered with sand or gravel 10-15 cm, then the removed soil is used.

Flange Mounting Technology

To connect plastic or polyethylene pipes, the diameter of which is more than 63 cm, use flange connections. This is due to the undesirability of using a welding machine. Flanges are easy to use and install, there is a wide range of sizes. The connection procedure is as follows:

1. Using a pipe cutter or scissors, the edges of the pipes are cut at a right angle (90 degrees) according to the previously applied marking.
2. Work surfaces are cleaned of contaminants, for this use liquid soap or industrial composition for cleaning floors.
3. The union nut of the fitting is unscrewed by 3-4 turns, then the pipe is inserted into it until the mark is applied and the nut is wrapped.

When connecting parts, it is important to pay attention to the applied force. Joints must be airtight.

The price per meter of works on laying external water supply and sewage networks varies significantly depending on the region. For example, the initial cost of trenchless laying is 2,500 rubles, and a trench from 500 rubles per meter.