Ventilation is imperceptible, but at the same time one of the most significant systems of any residential building or apartment. If this system works properly, then tenants rarely recall its existence. However, if there are any malfunctions in the ventilation, the windows begin to fog up, unpleasant odors from the toilet and the entrance appear in the apartment, which you can get rid of, unless you open all the windows. In addition, a malfunction of the ventilation system can lead to the formation of mold on the walls and poor health of the residents.
Types of ventilation systems
All ventilation systems are classified by the method of air circulation. So, according to this attribute, they distinguish:
- natural;
- artificial ventilation.
In addition, ventilation systems for their intended purpose can be:
- supply (which supply air to the rooms);
- exhaust (which draw air from the housing).
Natural. For the arrangement of natural circulation, there is no need to purchase any special equipment and consume electrical energy, since the circulation of air flows occurs naturally. Organizing such a circulation is relatively simple and cheap, but in some regions with high humidity and other adverse natural factors, natural exhaust may be ineffective due to insufficient air exchange.
Artificial ventilation is a special ventilation equipment, the efficiency of which does not depend on weather conditions. With the help of mechanical ventilation, air is easily and quickly removed from the room and the housing is filled with oxygen from the street. It is best to do an artificial hood in combination with a natural one.
Proper operation of the ventilation system
Natural ventilation is the most common way of air exchange in modern rooms. It is a divorced network of air channels, connected to one common riser of the house. Such channels are connected to each apartment, and their openings overlooking the bathrooms and kitchens are closed with bars. Different pressure and air temperature in the street and in the room, wind force, cracks in the front doors and windows contribute to the formation of natural ventilation.
If the apartment does not have a natural extract, then this threatens with the formation of stale, damp and "heavy" air.
In this case, residents have to open windows and windows for additional ventilation of the room. However, this leads to uneconomical consumption of heat and electricity.
To prevent such situations, ventilation must work correctly. Its correct operation is calculated by the method of multiplicity of air mass exchange, which should be 60 m³ per tenant. If the room does not have proper natural air exchange, then it must be equipped with forced ventilation. Make the ventilation system in such a way that the fans are located in a false ceiling or under the ceiling itself.
The apartment should be equipped with several ventilation ducts: one is designed to supply air to the rooms, and the second - for its removal from housing. Most often, a room is used to enter air, and bathrooms or bathrooms are used for its output.
Ventilation ducts are not allowed inside. Inside the apartment, except for the ventilation grilles themselves, no elements of ventilation equipment should be located and be noticeable.
Causes of air exchange disorders
Rubbish. The most obvious and banal reason for the poor operation of the hood is a blockage in the ventilation duct. In this case, remove the grill and inspect the channel. If the blockage is within reach, then it can be removed manually or using a vacuum cleaner. If the blockage is too far away, then in no case should you try to remove it yourself, since apartment owners are prohibited from doing this.
Where should I go if there is a blockage in the ventilation duct? Such problems should be addressed by the management company that owns the house. It is necessary to notify the company employees who, with the help of the cargo lowered into the mine, will break through the canal to the apartment itself.
There are a lot of reasons for the mine clogging: it can be an abandoned bottle, a dead cat, a brick, etc. If it is not possible to remove the garbage using the load, then the specialists will lower the camera on the long cord into the ventilation duct and determine the reason for the lack of ventilation.
In some cases, when the detected blockage cannot be removed in any way, it is necessary to disassemble the shaft at the level where the garbage is located. Such work can only be carried out by employees of management companies, and all residents should know where to go if there are serious blockages in the mine.
You can find out if a mine is clogged or not, in a very simple way: bring the lighter to the ventilation grill and look at the flame. If the fire is drafted into the ventilation, then there is draft, and vice versa.
Unauthorized repairs. Sometimes residents, making repairs, block the ventilation of neighbors. Although this, in most cases, is not done specifically, out of ignorance, but the law provides for penalties for illegal re-planning.
Plastic windows. In some cases, tenants who suffer from unpleasant odors, which do not weather, can not determine the cause of their occurrence. If there are no blockages in the ventilation shaft, and the neighbors did not make any repairs, then you should pay attention to the number of deaf plastic windows in the apartment. They close so tight that they do not allow air to circulate from the window to the vent. That is why, when installing plastic windows, it is necessary to provide at least one opening window for each room and regularly air the rooms.
Cooker hood
If natural ventilation can not cope with its task, then you need to know that today there are many other effective solutions that eliminate the problem of stagnation of air and unpleasant odors in the house. One of these methods is forced ventilation - hood. Most often, it is installed in the toilet or in the kitchen. These hoods turn on and off as needed, and in the bathroom and toilet often hoods turn on with the light.
Supply valves
If the room does not work well, ventilation can be a good solution. For their arrangement in the external walls of the house, additional holes are made through which air will flow from the street to the room. There are a lot of types of supply valves. The most common models are those installed between the batteries and windows, since the valves are almost invisible at this point. The supply valve consists of an adjustable damper and an external duct pipe, which is equipped with a grill designed to prevent debris and rainwater from entering the valve. In addition, indoors, the valve is closed by a soundproof box.
It should be remembered that the air circulation in the room may be disturbed due to the interior doors that are too tightly attached to the floor.
In this case, the doors should also be equipped with ventilation grilles. To do this, holes are made in the lower part of the door where special grilles are mounted.
Properly made ventilation system at home, the presence of hoods, air inlets and gaps between the doors and the floor will allow residents to feel comfortable in their apartment, even if the windows and entrance doors are constantly closed.
