The presence of an autonomous heating system requires the installation of a chimney through which the products of fuel processing are discharged. Installing a chimney through a wall is considered the most practical option if you carry it out according to all the rules. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the design features and the principle of operation of the device, study its main elements, deal with the specifics and nuances of the connection.
Design features and principle of operation
The chimneys installed on the outside are wall or root, in the second case they are placed on a separate foundation near the building. The pipe can be made of brick, single-layer steel, a sandwich pipe, asbestos cement, or ordinary cement. The most difficult thing is to build a brick pipe, for this you need to have the skills of a bricklayer. Asbestos-cement options are quite fragile, it is difficult to select components for them, they also need additional insulation, and they can collapse under the influence of the condensate component. The best option is steel pipes that do not cause problems during installation and do not require laying insulation, while they are inexpensive.
The operation of the chimney pipe brought to the stove is based on the reaction of combustion substances, which, when heated, rush up. Heated gases are able to expand, resulting in a decrease in their density, then they pass into the overestimated atmospheric layers. After raising the spent components, a rarefied layer is created inside the furnace, to which fresh air is mixed. For a constant supply of oxygen to the fuel, the thrust is responsible, which is affected by the height of the chimney, the insulation of the channel and its cross-sectional area, the location of the head part in relation to the top of the roof, and also the influx of the required amount of air.
The chimney is needed to remove the combustion products outside the house. This is the most important element, without which the normal operation of any furnace is impossible.
The main elements of the chimney
A chimney of any kind consists of a vertical box, a gate valve, a stripping element, hatches for cleaning and a foundation, if necessary. The number of parts varies according to the material of which the tube is made. Brick chimney includes a neck for connecting to the furnace, a riser with sliding parts, a slope, a stainless steel liner, an otter, which is an extension for the walls of the pipe above the roof, and a metal cap. Asbestos-cement and steel options consist of pipes, a cap, adapters connected to the furnace part, insulation and external cladding, if required.
Chimney elements made of sandwich pipes, consisting of three layers, or made of ceramic, are considered the most modern and durable. They are assembled from ready-made factory parts, a large assortment of which makes it possible to quickly create a structure with the necessary parameters. The main parts of such pipes are straight or rotary parts, tees, condensate collection elements, adapters, baffles and conical parts. Sandwich pipes are made of two layers of metal sheets, between which insulation is placed. Ceramic analogues are assembled from expanded clay concrete, a standard box of ceramic and insulation material.
Basic rules and steps for installing a chimney through a wall
To install a standard chimney through the wall, you must follow the basic rules and safety techniques.The installation diagram can be external, also the part is put through a wooden or frame wall.
Along the outer wall
With this installation, the main parameters of the chimney are affected by the heating device. To control smoke fluctuations, it will be necessary to create bends, the elbows of the joints of which must maintain the desired angle. The outlet elements are fastened to each other using a tungsten electrode, then the dampers and special windows are mounted. If necessary, the shutter elements are placed in the outlet parts, tubes or passages at the required distance so that they cannot come into contact with the tube wall. In addition, you will need to mount the stand under the triple parts, for this purpose a tube with a square section is used, holding the part on the wall with dowels. Careful attention must be paid to the distance between the wall and the chimney.
The conclusion of such a chimney through the wall is carried out due to tees made of stainless steel with thermal insulation. Due to them, the device is connected to the chimney, after which the tees will be used as tap parts for condensate particles, cleaning and checking construction details. Outlets or inspection windows are placed at the bottom or side of the tees, which are continuous, prefabricated or solid. For full installation of the chimney, brackets are used, in some cases auxiliary fasteners may be needed. They are necessary to give the structural part resistance to stress.
The chimney outside always requires a layer of thermal insulation, the tube is placed in a protective cover, which is made of galvanized or stainless steel, as well as other materials with corrosion resistance.
Through the frame wall
It is often required to install a stove in a house with a chimney through a frame wall. In order to obtain the desired result, the entire structure is treated with materials of an insulating type, for example, slag concrete, mineral wool or fiber insulation. The upper part of the tube is wrapped with aluminum foil and held with ties with clamps. Sometimes a sandwich chimney with an insulating element is immediately installed, the installation of which does not cause difficulties. They include two pipes with different diameters, a small one is inserted into a larger one, and insulation is used as a filler for them.
Through a wooden wall
To install a chimney through the wall of a building made of wood, you will need to strictly follow the rules regarding fire safety. The tube is lined with a strong frame resistant to fire, it can be bricks or asbestos. Such a procedure prevents the drying of wood in areas adjacent to the chimney. Often during the installation of the tube in wooden structures, systems with two circuits are used.
Ideally, it is necessary to create a chimney scheme where the horizontal connecting pipe would have a small length. The structure of such a chimney includes an element called a “gate”, it helps to control the draft process. As in the discharge elements of the previous type, the neck is covered with a special cap. The details of the pipe are fixed, observing a distance of one meter at a distance from each other, creating a chimney passage through the wall in a wooden house.
Specificity and nuances of connection
The chimney is considered the most complex part of the heating system, since the life and health of the owners of the building will depend on this element. During installation, it is necessary to fully comply with all conditions of standards, this will be a guarantee of safety and will help to avoid possible problems.
Installation of a chimney from a sandwich pipe
If you need to install a chimney with your own hands, for this purpose it is worth using practical, lightweight and easy to install sandwich pipes made from solid factory parts. The main disadvantage of such tubes is their overpriced, but also the owners can save money by installing them yourself. The absence of installation problems allows you to install a safe chimney and connect it to any heating appliance. Main rules should be followed and provided:
- optimal selection and calculation of the diameter of the pipes from the inside, including the calculation of the height of the chimney;
- maintaining suitable distances from the surface of the tubes to walls and other structural elements;
- full insulation of the chimney channel;
- optimal sealing, correct and reliable attachment to wall surfaces;
- mandatory installation of tanks for collecting condensate;
- assembly of condensate parts or the use of special modules that can be assembled by condensate or smoke.
It is possible to put a good chimney with your own hands and bring it out through the wall, observing the conditions of regulatory documents. Despite the lack of installation difficulties, this work requires certain skills.
Professional Tips
When installing a chimney, it is worth using the advice of specialists to make an ideal site for the exit of smoke. The tube that comes from the outside is collected by condensate. If you perform the procedure on smoke, condensate can leak into the sleeves. The insulation must not be wetted, in this situation the pipes will be poorly insulated, and the outer sleeve can provoke a fire when the wall structures are heated. In addition, the freezing of liquids can cause holes in the tubes, and the acid inside the condensate provokes the burning of the liner from the inside. Smoke leakage in open spaces is not dangerous; it can be eliminated if the joint parts are additionally lubricated with sealant.
It is not recommended to reduce the diameter of the chimney opening, this can cause a stop or a decrease in draft. The chimney channel must be cleaned of soot twice a year, and the head part of the ice, snow or condensation frozen on it. Sandwich pipes do not need additional insulation, except for the section of the passage through the partition or wall. For this purpose, it is better to use heat-resistant insulation and to exclude the use of glass wool. The area in which the pipe runs through the wall must be insulated with ceramic or basalt wool, asbestos, or foamed vermiculite. The use of asbestos does not cause problems; at the final stage, the product will not begin to dust and emit hazardous substances.
When working with walls made of wood, it is necessary to remember the danger of their fire, therefore, installing chimneys in such buildings is much more difficult when comparing them with brick. When the chimney is led out through a wooden wall, it is necessary to strictly observe the distance from the pipe to the wall, it should not be thicker than 260 mm. In addition, you need to take care of the insulating part and treat the walls with flame retardants. When placing a chimney in such a structure, it will be necessary to isolate the surface of the walls near the monotube and the outlet pipe from the heat generator. Such insulation is created using combustible materials, for example, tiles, plaster, stone or metal sheets.
The walls of buildings made of brick, concrete and aerated concrete are much more resistant to fire. But they must be insulated without fail in places where pipes pass, before being led to the roof through an opening on the desired floor, maintaining a distance to the walls not exceeding 130 mm.
