The houses, called the Khrushchevs, were built in the 60-70s of the last century. They were designed and created according to an accelerated program, which is why they did not take into account many factors associated with the duration of operation. Now the technological process allows the use of modern equipment in houses, the work of which is not designed for old ventilation. To choose the right elements of the system, you need to understand how ventilation works in a five-story building. Schemes and channel planning are determined by number of storeys.
Ventilation system device
In low-rise Khrushchev, ventilation was designed to work in the environment. Air masses enter the apartments and crowd out the stagnant stream. A ventilation duct is displayed on each floor. Due to the symmetry of the layout of the building, you can install a simple system that runs near the kitchen and toilet. On the top floor, the pipes are combined into a common shaft and bring air into the street.
The main problems associated with the operation of ventilation:
- Poor operation of the entire system in Khrushchev. If it is noted in many apartments, the source of the problem is in the shaft or outlet.
- Low efficiency on one floor. The reason - the interfloor canal was blocked.
- Problems with the withdrawal from one apartment. The main reason is the clogging of the output channel.
The first two problems are fixed by the management company or HOA.
If the canal is clogged in one apartment, you can clean it. To do this, the grate is removed and the channel pipe leading to the shaft is blown. Also clean the grill itself. If there is no result, you need to contact the management company, since malfunctions can be associated with the mine.
Basic schemes
In Khrushchev, two types of ventilation are used, the choice of which depends on the number of floors.
If the house has several floors, individual ventilation is created. The plan includes the following elements:
- Outlet openings. They are displayed in the kitchen and in the bathroom. Other rooms use airing.
- Vertical shaft to the roof.
- Outlet
- Channels
An interfloor ventilation scheme in Khrushchev from 5 floors is also common. The channel is designed for several apartments on the floor. Then from it all the air enters the general ventilation shaft.
Kitchen ventilation
The kitchen gas column is responsible for heating water in most Khrushchevs. It contains a large amount of explosive gas, so its operation and the creation of a ventilation system must take into account the following features:
- It is recommended to constantly ventilate the room. It is better that the window always be ajar.
- The column must not be bricked or placed in a cabinet.
- When installing the doors, a clearance is necessarily made in the lower part with an area of at least 0.02 sq.m.
- The hood for the gas column in Khrushchev is selected in accordance with the power of the device.
Compliance with these requirements and the use of quality equipment will minimize the risk of gas leakage and explosion. Thanks to good ventilation, the hot air that appears when using the column will become saturated with vapors, become heavier and squeeze the gases up. From there, they enter the ventilation duct and are discharged through the window.
To eliminate unpleasant odors and remove dirty air, an extract is placed in the Khrushchev in the kitchen. It is mounted directly above the hob to capture all processed air masses.
Bathroom ventilation
Bathroom and toilet are rooms with high humidity and a large accumulation of hot water. The only way to remove air is ventilation, so it should always be in good condition.
The air in the bathroom heats up, rises up and goes into the ventilation. For air exchange, a ventilation shaft is designed for a toilet and a bath. If the apartment has a separate bathroom, a hole is created in the adjacent wall.
Do-it-yourself ways to improve ventilation
Installed ventilation in Khrushchev may not be enough for good air exchange. Then the systems are supplemented by various technical means: hoods or fans. You can install them yourself, and the calculations by which the equipment will be selected are best left to a specialist. Wrong choices threaten air flow and moisture retention, which can cause mold and mildew. The geyser and the hood in the kitchen in Khrushchev must have appropriate performance.
If the system is working, but its efficiency is low, put the fans. There are two types of devices:
- Supply They are placed in walls and windows in any position other than the opposite to the outlet.
- Exhaust. Draw dirty air into the ventilation duct. They are placed in the outlet. They need to be closed with a grill.
For an additional influx of oxygen, hoods in Khrushchev are used. They are used when the system is operational, but its power is not enough due to the use of modern devices.
A supply valve is also placed at the air inlet. It does not interfere with air exchange, while not allowing dirty air to get back into the room. Also, it does not allow condensation to appear. It is placed only in places where there is a high risk of moisture accumulation - radiators, stoves, columns. It works on the principle of local ventilation.
Ensuring air circulation in the apartment
Cleaning the channels is not enough to obtain a normal distribution of air masses throughout the apartment. For unobstructed movement of air, it is necessary to remove the thresholds of interior doors so that there is a gap of 3 cm thick under them. Also, at the bottom of the door, you can drill several holes with a diameter of about 1.5 cm and cover them with a grill. In the bathroom and toilet, holes are made with a bias inward.
If the house has plastic windows, you must constantly leave a small gap of 1-2 mm for natural air circulation. This method has its drawbacks in the winter season, since the gap can be covered with hoarfrost.
To modernize the circuit, window fans, also called valves, are used. They are mounted on the sash of the window or in the wall. Wall valves are recommended for radiators. They can be equipped with various sensors and filters for additional air purification.
