The camera is an electronic optical device for visual observation. Images are automatically analyzed in the system with the recognition of small details. Connecting an external surveillance camera is carried out taking into account the choice of resolution and the ability to receive information via the Internet. The cost of the system is determined by the design and functionality.
Choosing a CCTV Camera
Cameras based on charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are widely used. An integrated circuit with photosensitive photodiodes is used. Models are installed that work according to the standards of HD-CVI, HD-SDI, HD-TVI, AHD.
The devices have a higher resolution compared to analog installations, the production of the latter has been declining since 2016. IP-cameras are functional devices, for broadcasting they use local networks and analyze the image.
When choosing, design characteristics are taken into account, for example, a modular device, a case model, a domed, controlled or gyro-stabilized camera. The method of transmission by wire or without them matters.
Choosing a data transfer method
The surveillance system is organized so that information from the camera at the facility goes to the central security point, where video recorders, computers, switches, monitors are installed. An effective transmission method means a high-quality image, regardless of the distance between the cameras or their distance from the processing center.
Pictures are traditionally broadcast using wire lines. You can connect the camcorder based on twisted pair cable or coaxial cable, which depends on the transmission distance. Without a cable, the signal is transmitted by radio channels, so wireless cameras work. The method is effectively applied at a distance of up to 100 - 1 thousand meters in open space. In the city, this method is rarely used.
Wireless
The camera is connected to the transmitter, and the board to the receiving module. The characteristics of wireless devices are not typical for conventional models.
The video surveillance connection diagram without cable works depending on the parameters:
- Digital or analog device. The first variety gives less interference during broadcasting than the second. Digital cameras are more expensive, so analog cameras are used where there is no need for a clear and detailed picture.
- Signal broadcast range. Models that transmit images at 100 meters are in demand, increasing the distance means a significant increase in cost.
- The number of cameras involved in the system. Wireless receivers often work from 1 to 4, less often serve 8 channels.
The signal propagation speed is selected only for digital circuits and is not relevant for analog systems.
By cable
To transfer digital video signal to the server, a standard UTP wire of the 5th category (twisted pair) is used. Twisted unshielded pair is also used, which works thanks to the Power over Ethernet method. The coaxial cord works effectively at a distance of 100 - 400 meters, but after 150 meters the signal becomes weaker. Amplifiers are installed every 100 to 120 meters.
Technical solution to the problem of connecting a surveillance camera:
- the use of high-quality cable transmitting over 150 m;
- the use of switches to extend the distance to 200 m;
- cascading use of internet extension cords;
- medium converters are installed for coaxial cable (increase up to 400 m);
- Using Transmission Using WIFI.
When connecting a surveillance camera, an optical fiber cable is used. Material is selected to transfer a large volume of records at large facilities.
Connection methods and configuration schemes
Cameras can be directly connected through a multiplexer, which is a device for synchronously transmitting multiple videos on one screen. A matrix switcher is used to separate images and output each image to its monitor.
Hard disk data capture devices are divided into types:
- video servers work with Linux or Windows and contain a video capture card for analog models;
- DVRs are represented by Stand-alone, non-PC, DVR devices.
Configuring video surveillance is carried out using other settings that solve individual tasks. IP cameras are equipped with a memory cell where recording is made and recording is reserved in case of breakdown of the main fixation unit.
Through the Internet
It is popular to connect video surveillance to the network cable of the provider. The method is implemented with the allocation of the IP address of the user, which is assigned to the tracking device. The street camera must be connected to the computer and enter the address in the browser line. The IP data of the camera can be found in the user manual on the manufacturer’s label.
The user enters the network settings section after opening the interface and manually enters the IP address or marks the automatic receipt. The port of entry becomes available to him (more often it is open at number 80). A password and login are set for personal entry into the network portal, then the module is disconnected from the gadget and the cable of the Internet provider is connected to the camera.
To computer
A computer video server receives, stores, processes video or audio, and manages security schemes.
Devices differ in parameters:
- applications - by type of broadcasting, on request, in video surveillance schemes;
- interface - streaming over IP or ASI;
- type of output and input - analog or digital;
- synchronization capabilities;
- probabilities of local safety of information.
Connecting a video camera is carried out depending on the type of screen resolution, taking into account the number of working channels. The potentiality of synchronous marking in time of received data from external emitters NTP, VITC, LTC is taken into account.
Connect to a monitor and TV
The image is displayed on a television screen, events are broadcast in real time. You will need a camera, a power module, connection pins, a mounting bracket and a cable, then you can do the video surveillance installation yourself.
The place is chosen so that the subject is most of the time in the center of focus. This takes into account the branches of trees, freestanding objects that obscure the view. Sun and light rays should not get into the lens, because the image will be illuminated.
To work with the monitor, cameras with a viewing angle of 70 - 100 ° are used. Analog models are connected to the TV through the composite AV input, which is on all receivers. For obsolete screens, the SCART-AV adapter is used.
Necessary materials for connecting a surveillance camera
You can connect video surveillance in different ways, depending on whether real-time monitoring is required or data recording and processing.
All methods require standard function modules:
- camera;
- digital video recorder;
- a rigid storage device;
- router or router;
- program for work;
- network cable.
There are cloud servers for video surveillance, where you can connect and configure the functionality of the camera to view current images.
DIY installation steps for a CCTV camera
Work begins with laying a shielded cable to connect video surveillance. The wire is mounted from remote areas and brought to the place of acceptance, its length is calculated with a small margin.
The cable is protected from moisture and frost if it is laid openly on the street or a corrugated pipe is used indoors or under the ground. The lines are not located closer than 40 meters from the electric mains.
Connect the camera so that the place is accessible for maintenance and repair. The red coaxial cable is used to connect to the power, and the yellow and white are mounted to transmit the signal. Digital modules work from twisted pair.
Set up a cctv camera
It is necessary to complete all installation work before setting up video surveillance yourself. The date and time are set on each camera, the clock on the router must match the network settings.
The following actions:
- format the structure of the input to the information using the web interface and the registrar;
- adjust the recording by changing the viewing angle and tilt;
- configure the video in the DVR client program to be able to simultaneously control several tracking devices from one gadget.
At the end, remote access to the monitoring modules is established. The process is performed using cloud-based software or fixing the routed IP address in the browser line.
