A special signaling device that records the movement of people monitors the situation in the coverage area and automatically includes a response action chain. The accuracy of the operation is affected by the connection diagram of the motion sensor and its location area. The device is mounted so that in the area of coverage there are places of appearance of people. In a room with one entrance, the device is placed opposite the door, and in a room with several openings, the sensor is located on the ceiling.
The main functions of the motion sensor
Detectors record changes in the external environment, so they are used in complex interaction with other modules that respond to events.
Ways to activate an alarm:
- sound on;
- sending messages to the user's phone;
- inclusion of lighting, other devices;
- change in performance indicators of climate technology;
- fixing unauthorized border violations.
Tracking alarms are placed as part of a console guard. The interaction between the nodes is configured during installation and is coordinated by a monitoring device. If the user buys and mounts the interacting modules on his own, he takes care of installing the control device. Merchants give access to an account on a special web portal using the program to configure the settings for notifications and interactions.
The principle of operation of the motion sensor
The sensor operates on the basis of recognition and analysis of various wave oscillations. The device can independently produce waves, then it examines them after reflection from surrounding objects - this type is called active. The passive view receives vibrations from the outside and analyzes them. Most devices are available as combined modules.
Sensors vary depending on the type of ripple used:
- tomographic (radio waves);
- infrared passive sensors;
- microwave detectors;
- photoelectric (light used);
- ultrasound devices.
Each species has errors in operation and occasionally gives a false alarm. The two varieties are combined in one installation to reduce the likelihood of a malfunction, such as ultrasound and infrared radiation. A comprehensive solution reduces sensitivity, the device may not work in real danger.
Rules for choosing a device
The price of equipment with advanced functionality is higher than the cost of basic models. The built-in photorelay saves electricity, because the light turns on when the motion sensor is triggered, when the street lighting is below the set limit. The function of protection against animals eliminates false signals on the movement of cats and dogs.
When choosing, take into account the characteristics:
- angle of coverage;
- device sensitivity;
- detection distance;
- fixed speed parameter;
- lack of a dead zone;
- operating voltage, operating temperature range.
The detection angle is usually 90 - 120 ° with a length of 10 - 15 meters, but there are models with a narrow but long sector horizontally. Devices notice a speed of 0.1 m / s, and movement too slow may not be recorded. The dead zone is perceived using a lens located at the bottom of the tracking module.
Tools and materials for connecting
Sensors of almost all models are designed for a load of 10 - 16 A.When the power of the device is more than 1 kW (current 4.5 - 5A), another switching device is placed in the circuit. A small magnetic contactor is used when connecting the sensor to the lamp via a distribution panel.
The magnitude of the power supply of the inductor must be equal to the mains voltage. In a standard system, the coil replaces the lamp, the lighting element is connected through the main contacts of the starter.
If a modular contactor is not used, high voltage field effect transistors are used. A pair of elements will allow you to skip the half-wave of alternating current in two courses. On the control section of the circuit there is a rectifying diode with a voltage of more than 300 V for protection against breakdown and 2 resistors connected in series.
Motion Sensor Installation and Setup
For wall mounting, sensors that have a built-in switch are intended. Separately purchased sensors are mounted on a horizontal or vertical fence. Installation on the ceiling is often used, because it covers a large area.
If the radius of coverage is less than 360 °, several devices are placed. In another embodiment, models are mounted that are combined in a chain (Master / Slave mode).
If the detector is intended for a room with one entrance, a narrow sector will be enough to control the door. The device is configured for the maximum allowable interval for the start of lighting.
For proper installation, you need to determine the area of the zone (usually under the device) where the device does not catch movement. Long-range sensors are placed in long corridors. Such devices often give a false alarm, because they control a large area.
Connection in the apartment
The sensor starts sending a message to the owner when it detects entry into the home. The device in the control room alarm circuit signals the dispatcher of the security company to activate the quick response group.
Two-wire sensors are installed in standard socket boxes. For this we need the elements:
- junction box;
- automatic machine for 220 V;
- sensor;
- lamps.
The device is connected similarly to a single-key switch, while the phase is connected to the detector, then electricity is supplied to the lamp. The luminaire sensor circuit is mounted separately from the general wiring. The cable starts from the shield on the stairs to the junction box inside the apartment, all three cores are marked, the earth, zero, phase is allocated. Then comes a two-wire cable to the sensor itself.
Outside connection
Determined with the coverage area and installation location. Sensors differ in moisture resistance and protection against negative atmospheric factors.
Degrees of protection:
- for open street space, devices with an IP protection index in the range of 55 - 65 are used;
- modules with the same IP 44 parameters are mounted under the canopy.
The air temperature recommended for the street model is taken into account. There are many options when the devices work only up to -20 ° C, then there are malfunctions.
3 wires are started when a three-wire device is connected from a circuit breaker, to the lighting and to the sensor. Zeros are combined at one point, and the earth from the shield is connected to a similar wire on the lighting device.
Connection at the entrance
The detectors are placed under the ceiling so that when opening the doors the viewing angle is not violated. It is not recommended to install sensors in entrances above radiators.
Zero is started from the power cable to the lamp wire and ground is applied. The phase from the circuit breaker must be connected to the core that goes to the sensor, the second core supplies electricity to the lamp.
Settings are made on the front panel by turning the corresponding flags:
- number 1 - automatic operation;
- number 2 - selects the level of sensitivity by time of day;
- number 3 - sets the time to turn off the device after fixing the movement.
You can connect a motion sensor with LED and energy-saving elements, but in this case, the lights sometimes flicker.
Options and schemes for connecting the motion sensor to the lamp
The motion detector can change the brightness of the light, turn on or off the lighting, regardless of the motion detection. The device sends a command to the controller and it turns on the light in accordance with the requirements specified by the customer. There are toggle switches with built-in coordinators, such models can be put in porches, offices, warehouses.
Three wires of different colors are displayed on the case:
- the output is red;
- zero is blue;
- phase is brown.
From the distribution panel, the control phase is connected to the load cable of the lamp. If the wires do not connect in the junction box, the wires are inserted directly into the sensor housing and are combined on its terminal block. Zero cables are twisted and tightened on the contact.
Without switch
The number of devices is not regulated. At the entrance at the beginning of the corridor, the first detector is triggered and the searchlight is started. After leaving the range of the first sensor and before entering the area of the second lamp, they continue to illuminate the space. This continues until the tracking zone of all installed elements leaves the light, the light goes out after a specified time.
Sometimes there are false positives. This happens due to the action of heat fluxes, if the element is located above the radiator or in the street the sensor is surrounded by trees. Lighting starts when the wind or due to a malfunction of structural components. To determine the cause, you need to seal a sensitive eye with an opaque adhesive tape.
With switch
Combined electrical automation responds to the movement of people in the controlled area. The control unit is equipped only with a sensor or a key toggle switch is installed. To save electricity, the switch is equipped with a photodiode light level detector in the room. During daylight, the toggle switch will not fire.
The circuit of the motion device with a switch is universal, a single-key breaker must be connected in parallel:
- the supply phase is started simultaneously on the detector and the single-key toggle switch;
- the second wire from the breaker goes to the lighting circuit (the output conductor from the sensor).
Lamp operation starts at any time at the request of the owner of the house. The circuit breaker can be connected in series and disconnected at the same time the entire circuit from the voltage. If you turn it on again, the light does not light up immediately, but only after the time required by the motion sensor to scan and analyze the space in the coverage area.
