Access control and management systems are an important part in ensuring security and comfort. A simple connection scheme for a video intercom allows you to install the device yourself, saving on installation work. The modular structure of the complex construction simplifies troubleshooting. Repair is available with minimal skills in working with electrical appliances. However, there are questions that need to be answered before buying equipment and starting installation.
Features of choice
Having decided to install an intercom, they study the functionality of all devices on the market and the features of their operation.
Modern models have many functions, for each additional property you have to pay extra.
Basic features of video intercoms:
- audio communication between the calling device and the main unit;
- visual display of the situation in front of the call unit on the monitor or TV;
- opening the door with programmed keys;
- remote control of locks;
- control of the situation in the door area on command from the main unit, i.e. using the intercom in video camera mode;
You can purchase equipment with which audio and video are recorded on the recorder in manual control mode or by command from a motion sensor.
In addition to saving streaming video, they use the photographing function. In this case, the image quality is much better, which may be needed when identifying the intruder trying to enter the house, or the vandal that destroyed the property.
The answering machine function allows you to find out the purpose of the visit of visitors who came during the absence of the hosts.
Some video intercoms can be used in a complex of security systems. For this, the ability to connect security sensors is used. For example, in case of hacking or unauthorized opening of the gate of a private house, the device will give an alarm signal and automatically turn on the video and audio recording of what is happening in the area of the front door. At the same time, you can turn on the “recording” mode for all cameras in the house.
Modern devices can transmit a signal to mobile devices - telephones (tablets) via Wi-Fi network or mobile networks of telecom operators. Also, with the help of a mobile phone, you can control the lock of the front door.
When choosing the condition of the apartment or house, the quality of the repair and the ability to conduct wires are taken into account. If the repair is completed, use products with a radio data channel.
The wiring diagram for connecting a doorphone with an electromechanical lock in a private house with a radio frequency signal can be used when connecting wires are not possible - tiles or asphalt are laid on the way to the door station, concrete tracks are poured.
When choosing wireless models, take into account that the call panel will work on batteries, which in the cold season will have to be removed regularly to recharge. More often use a spare set of elements.
The network construction scheme is analog or digital. It is important to know the type of system, it depends on how to connect a video intercom in the apartment.
In the first case, the wiring for the apartments will be coordinate, i.e. Each subscriber has a separate signal wire and one common for 10 apartments. In digital networks, signals are encoded and go through a single twisted-pair wire.
When choosing a doorphone model, take into account the features of the object, the presence of previously installed equipment, the ability to conduct wires, the necessary additional functions, the knowledge for independent installation and configuration.
Part of the equipment
The set of equipment for the operation of a video intercom includes:
- calling panel - individual or general access;
- video camera integrated in the panel or remote;
- controller with reader - integrated into the panel or in a separate case;
- set of electronic keys;
- Power Supply;
- electromagnetic or electromechanical lock with a controller;
- wires for switching devices.
The package bundle is selected depending on the characteristics of the house (apartment), the tasks to be solved.
Call panel
The calling device is a mandatory part of the system, consisting of a housing, an electronic board, a microphone, a call button, a loudspeaker. Additionally, an electronic key reader and a video camera can be integrated into the panel.
The option of the calling panel without a reader more reliably performs security functions - an attacker will not be able to open the door in any way, even by stealing or making a fake key. At the same time, the owner, having forgotten the key to the house, will not be able to get inside. Such models are suitable for multi-storey buildings, when one of the neighbors can open the door to the entrance.
The ability to install multiple panels in different places for working with one monitor allows you to combine devices at the entrance to the entrance and into the apartment - the owner can see the caller immediately at the door of the apartment. In addition, the general access door panels are equipped with a keypad for calling any of the apartments.
It is recommended that you purchase panels and monitors from the same manufacturer. So it’s easier to figure out the wiring diagram, the signals of all devices are consistent in shape, frequency, amplitude. It is always necessary to clarify the compatibility of equipment of different companies.
Reader with controller
Controllers are used to control door locks. They can be integrated into a panel or lock. Sometimes they choose a control device made in a separate case.
If the user already has electronic keys to work or another apartment (home), it makes sense to buy compatible equipment for a new intercom.
In this case, use one "universal" access key. Compatibility information should be clarified in advance.
Keys are divided into several classes:
- Resistive, least hacked option. Recognition occurs if the value of the resistor soldered into the key corresponds to the parameter set during programming. It’s easy to open the lock by trying out standard resistors. The option is suitable for an access doorphone and does not protect the apartment at all.
- Touch Memory is a chip with a code written on it. The keys work with different signal formats, which are conditionally named: Dallas, Cyfral, Metakom, according to the names of the main manufacturers. When buying, specify the compatibility.
- RFID contactless devices are divided into Proximity with a range of 10-15 cm and Vicinity with a working radius of up to 1 m. Proximity models, in turn, are divided into EM-Marin, HID, MIFARE formats - you need information to buy spare keys in case of loss. The second option is not used in the standard configuration of intercoms, therefore, if necessary, a suitable reader is purchased.
Other barbed options - magnetic, ferrite and optical - can only be found on very old equipment, modern manufacturers do not use them.
Video camera
Video cameras built into the door station have viewing angles of up to 90 ° in the vertical and up to 120 ° in the horizontal plane. This is enough to see a person standing about a meter from the door.
Integrated video sources are protected from vandals, but can be covered with a finger or any other object that will not allow a visitor to see.
If the door with the intercom is the only obstacle at the entrance, it is better to install an additional remote camera. It can be placed at an unattainable height for impact. Removing the camera 3-5 meters from the door will allow you to control a large area, which is important for security functions.
A color or black-and-white camera is selected based on operating conditions. The color version is more demanding on the illumination of the place of shooting - at dusk and at night, additional illumination is necessary to obtain a high-quality picture. At the same time, the device allows you to accurately find out important details, for example, the color of clothes. Sometimes it is required to search for the intruder. Black and white backlight models only require on moonless nights and in total darkness. Even when illuminating the territory with a street lamp, the image quality remains acceptable in order to recognize a visitor familiar to the owner of the house.
Prices for monochrome and color cameras differ slightly.
Display devices
The call signal from the panel is displayed on the central unit of the system - the monitor. It is integrated in a single housing with a control board, and a telephone handset is also connected here. A microphone or loudspeaker can be integrated into a common housing with the monitor. The choice depends on personal preference.
The most widespread are video doorphone companies:
- Commax, South Korea;
- Falcon Eye, China;
- Tantos, Canada;
- Kocom, South Korea;
- Vizit, Russia.
The assortment of each manufacturer includes equipment of different functionalities, which are selected based on the tasks.
The screen size starts from 3 inches, the optimal size is 8-10 inches.
Sometimes it’s convenient to use a TV as a screen. Some models allow this connection.
Power supplies
Some parts of the video intercom system are located in an open space, where voltage up to 36V is considered safe. Based on the requirements of the guidelines, most models will require a constant voltage of 12 or 24V for operation.
Power converters can be integrated into the monitor unit or manufactured in a separate housing.
For trouble-free operation, it is recommended that you select a redundant power supply with a battery. This will allow you to use the video intercom during a power outage. In addition, when the network disappears, some types of locks open the door, which is unacceptable in suburban real estate.
Locks
In combination with the video intercom, special locks are used, which can be controlled using the buttons on the central unit, or opened with electronic keys from the call panel.
Electromechanical locks look similar to ordinary ones, but an electromagnetic coil is built into the case. In standby mode, the lock does not consume electricity, opening occurs by moving the rod with the lock tongue, which is retracted by the coil when the command is from the controller. In the event of a power outage, the opening is performed with a conventional key.
Some models of electromechanical locks are closed when voltage is applied and opens when it is removed. The mode is rarely supported by popular models of intercoms, therefore, when buying a lock, they pay attention to the principle of the operation of the locking device.
Electromagnetic locks consist of an electromagnet coil and a counterpart - a metal plate. The coil is constantly energized and pulls the door to the jamb. When the controller turns off the power for a few seconds, the voltage is removed, the magnet stops working, the door opens.
Electromagnetic locks are more suitable for porch doors, where opening will not greatly affect the security of a single apartment.In cases where such a device is important, as an element of safety acquire an additional redundant power supply or install mechanical locking devices.
Installation Steps
The sequence of connecting a video intercom can be different when mounting in an apartment building or in a private home.
Features of work in an apartment building
In the entrances, the most often already implemented scheme is a doorphone with an electromagnetic lock.
Sequencing:
- They will find out the type of wiring diagram for the apartments (coordinate or digital), the model of the device and compatibility with the on-door video intercoms on sale.
- Acquire suitable equipment, if there is such a need, buy an interface unit.
- They study the connection scheme of additional devices in the existing system. In some cases, interference with existing wiring is not required.
- If opening equipment installed at the entrance is not enough, coordinate work with the management company or call the technician operating the doorphone company. It is not recommended to do switching on your own - possible violations in the operation of the system may affect all residents of the entrance.
- Mount the equipment inside the apartment, carry out the necessary switching.
The work ends with a performance check of the entire complex: a monitor, a calling panel, an electromagnetic lock.
Installation in a private house
Installing a video intercom in a private house is simpler - laying wires can be done in any convenient way. You do not need permission to independently connect all the wires.
Parallel laying of signal wires of the video intercom and 220V network is not allowed closer than 15 cm.
The algorithm of work:
- Choose your favorite equipment, which according to the possibilities meets the wishes of the owner.
- They study the electrical circuit of the video intercom, which indicates how to connect the cables.
- Mount the internal monitor. The distance from the floor is chosen about 1.5 m - it is more convenient to use for all family members. An additional power supply is installed if necessary.
- Mount the door station on the wall or on the fence next to the door. You cannot install the device on moving parts with a swing or sliding door - vibration will make the picture jump, and the fastening of the wires will gradually weaken and you will have to identify and fix the malfunction.
- Ground metal structures - induced and stray currents can reach values that are dangerous for the integrity of electronic circuits.
- Lay wires between the monitor and the video panel. They are buried in the ground by 0.7–1 m; a PVC tube is used to protect against damage. The cable leads along the walls in a corrugation.
- Mount the electric lock according to the attached instructions. The transition to the movable part of the door is done in a flexible eyeliner, which will save the wire from breaking and clamping when closing the blade.
- How to connect individual elements indicates the scheme of the intercom and electric lock.
If the installation of the schemes for the door station of the video intercom, monitor and lock is carried out correctly, the system should work without any additional settings.
At the last stage, using the instructions, carry out the final adjustment. Adjust the screen brightness, rotation angles and tilt of the remote camera. They devote time to adjusting the response time of the lock, which can be adjusted. Achieve a smooth closing of the door and the operation of the lock mechanism.
Video intercom - a reliable and modern device that helps to ensure the comfort and safety of residents of apartment buildings and private houses. Installing the equipment is easy with your own hands. Exact observance of the instructions from the product passport will make the intercom work without fail and long-term.
