The camcorder transmits digitally transmitted video over the TokenRing network and Ethernet over IP. The monitoring device is a linear module to which an address is assigned. After connecting, you need to search for IP cameras in the network for the initial setup of operation parameters and image acquisition. There are special programs for finding such devices that support cloud service.
Methods for determining the IP address of a surveillance camera
Each node in the computer network is assigned a unique code - the Internet protocol, which is built on the basis of the flow of TCP / IP protocols. The Internet needs complete uniqueness of the code, while acting on a local network - to a limited extent.
Code length depending on protocol versions:
- IPv4 - length 4 bytes;
- IPv6 - size 16 bytes.
The need to change the IP address occurs during the initial setup. Sometimes one worker performs the adjustment, and another specialist serves the observing device. The service company may change, the system is managed by another administrator, or the organization bought the building with an established surveillance scheme.
Manufacturers are developing various identification methods, so it is best to pay attention to the manufacturer's instructions. Another method involves the use of utilities from the developer, such as a CD, using the selection method or router functions.
By default, if a new device
The instruction can be paper or on disk, but the default address is indicated in it. If the monitoring module was used before, the code could change. In this case, the settings are reset to the factory settings by pressing the key.
There are CCTV camera default values:
- Dahua - address 192.168.1.108, account - admin, password - admin;
- Hikvision - code 192.0.0.64, login - admin, confirmation - 12345.
You cannot simultaneously configure two or more cameras in the same local network, especially if the video devices are of the same manufacturer, since initially they have the same code - you will get a conflict of addresses. First you need to connect one camera, change its individual parameters in accordance with the address range of the local measure, then the second.
There are cases when the manufacturer does not determine the code, there is a network module configuration document (DHCP). The user adjusts the location characteristics manually. The task is complicated if there is no router.
Using the web interface
In the first case, Wireshark is downloaded, the camcorder is connected to a computer or smartphone. Startup is performed, operation in all firewalls is allowed. Work goes directly to exclude filtering of all traffic. There will be lines where you can see the IP address of the scanner or registrar.
The second option is suitable for owners of the Mikrotik router. You can find out the IP address of the camera by connecting to the router by running the WinBox utility.
After authorization, the steps are:
- Define a video device attachment interface
- run or install Torch;
- start scanning automatically or by pressing start;
- check the list of lines for the presence of an address.
After that, the computer settings are changed so that the camera is with the gadget in the same measure. The found address is entered in the platform line and a window appears for entering the password and naming the account. Authorization allows the web-interface of the tracking device, the user fixes a new location code.
Special programs
IPC Manager, IP Wizard, Device Manage programs are used when the IP cipher has already been changed by the previous user for the next address translation. Utilities will be useful if there are several tracking installations with the same factory authentication.
A package has been developed to study the movement of the network card gadgets. Wireshark is expanding under the free GNU GPL. Another option is a Torch Media Inc. free-to-use web browser.
The method of scanning the Internet is used, but it lasts a long time and can not always find the IP camera on the network. The method does not give 100% of the total in the search, so it is better to adopt another option.
The selection or exclusion method is used to find the identification code of the camera among several devices that are simultaneously connected to a specific interface. Work is carried out in the "Network" menu. Codes of all cameras are selected from the menu, then the desired device is turned off and the missing address is determined.
Definition of IP in a local area network
Together with the camera, a software package is being sold that helps to quickly determine the position of a video device on the Internet, change auto settings and address.
Such software can be found on the manufacturer's website, for example:
- You can find out the IP address of the Hikvision CCTV camera in the local network using the SADP service utility;
- Dahua config tool is suitable for Dahua camcorder.
The platform used to scan the location of Advanced IP Scanner, which finds the MAC and IP codes of devices connected to the Internet. At the same time, the addresses of the camera and the gadget must be on the same subnet - the penultimate IP digits within the local service must be identical. The requirement applies to video devices and to all modules connected to the same network.
Factory auto settings are determined after reading the manufacturer's instructions, where the default address or default settings are set.
How to find out the camera ID
This parameter is indicated on the label located on the back of the device. The CCTV ID camera is located in the P2PID line. There is also a QR code that must be encoded using the application by clicking on the Scanning device QR code button. So the characteristic automatically gets into the application without using a manual input method.
It is important not to allow duplication of codes, otherwise access to the video device will not be obtained, and you will need to change the address a second time. You can not take the default addresses that are used by the router.
The program recognizes the unique MAC code of the network card of the IP video camera, which does not change without a special programmer. In order not to make mistakes when finding a location on the network, a search range is predefined.
The first address is selected from the list (pool). The last digits of addresses are assigned chronologically if several cameras are used. The recorder is given the first number in order, and the following numbers are assigned to video devices.
Change settings
Parallel video devices are connected to the router using a cable or wireless transmission. Port numbers are changed in the camera settings, individual codes are prescribed for all modules in the range from 1 thousand to 60 thousand. Port forwarding is performed on the router. This is a technology for accessing the Internet to a gadget in a local line behind a router. Access is obtained after reorienting the traffic of some ports from the external address using the computer location code in the internal modem.
Video installation on the Internet is using the Dahua Config Utility program. The platform finds the IP equipment in the grid, captures advanced information about the camera. Using the utility, you can make sample templates for settings and apply them to all tracking modules. Here, the time and date on the cameras changes, and the auto settings are reset to the factory settings.
Web interface
This is one or more pages representing the user to communicate with the device or service sector. The protocol and HTTP browser are used. Interfaces are filled in compliance with uniform requirements for functionality and design if they work with different browsers.
Web interfaces are created by the classical method using HTML in conjunction with Java Script’a and CSS. Difficulties arise due to different implementation of specifications during development and support. The user adjusts the characteristics of the font, color, which causes incorrect operation.
A method using Silverlight or Adobe Flash for implementing ideas on an interface is spreading. Browsers support such technologies with the help of plug-ins, and compiling web browsers works without problems. Applications and utilities of this series give more opportunities to the user when using the interface.
Is there a danger of breaking the camera
Most crackers gain popularity when they find weaknesses in security systems and post frames for review on the Internet. Other cases are dangerous intrusions into the security system, and hackers plan the attack in advance. There is a falsification of the RTSP stream of the digital signal. Unauthorized entry into the local network is punishable by law.
Users connect cameras using RTSP links to save time or as a result of ignorance and do not think about changing passwords and setting security settings.
In practice, the actions of the cracker go according to plan:
- RTSP stream is monitored for the device where there will be a substitution;
- preparing a file for the transfer;
- the recorded video is broadcast;
- back protection is in progress.
The video stream is in accordance with the protocol. The video device transmits low-resolution images for broadcast, and high uses for recording. For them, the links differ by a single number in the code.
General recommendations
It uses the integration of cameras in a software utility. Integration is checked in a special program or the user contacts technical support with a corresponding request.
Additional ways to enhance protection:
- Firmware refreshment. When updating, developers correct the vulnerability and increase the indicator of stable operation.
- Replacing passwords and account names. Standard indexes are given in the instructions and become publicly available information.
- Setting authorization function at login. There are models with a double level of activation via ONVIF protocol and HTTP access, in other devices user identification is provided when the RTSP code is entered.
It uses IP address filtering and location recognition. The switch is configured, many devices work with arp spoofing protection utility. At large facilities, the network is divided into the line of the enterprise and the Internet trunk is separated for protection.
