The roof protects the wooden house from precipitation, in addition, it is considered a component that forms the microclimate of the home. However, the construction requires insulation. Otherwise, heat loss will occur, which is undesirable on either side. The top structure requires high-quality thermal insulation so that it becomes a reliable barrier to the warm air that rises.
Preparation process
Thermal insulation must be reliable, so you need to choose high-quality coatings. Savings here are inappropriate, because the construction is not being built for more than one year.
Work is carried out six months after the construction of the house, not earlier. This time is enough for the wooden bars to finally form, take their true position, shape. If the work is organized earlier, over time this will lead to deformation of the “pie” of insulation, will reduce the effect of the work done to nothing.
Sheathing can be done in several ways, for which it is worth deciding whether the attic will be residential or not. If the room is a full room, it is better to sheathe the roof. When it is decided to leave the attic uninhabited, it will be necessary to sheathe its floor, in addition - the inner plane.
Before installing the insulation, check the reliability of the rafter system. After sheathing, it will be unrealistic to get to them; damaged areas cannot be replaced. Additionally, the rafters are treated with antiprens, antiseptic compounds, which will become reliable protection against fire, protect from pests.
Ceiling
The ceiling is directly involved in the exchange of heat. If you do not conduct its insulation, the room will be cool, uncomfortable. Work is carried out without fail, even if the slings, other systems are insulated. The insulation is placed in the following sequence:
- The ceiling can be finished as you like, it can be such material as wallpaper, putty or paint;
- A waterproofing membrane that prevents condensation from settling on the ceiling;
- Insulation, the main obstacle to warm air;
- The air gap, the empty space between the ceiling structure and the insulation layer, prevention, preventing the accumulation of moisture.
The ceiling must be lined with waterproofing, as the wood breathes, it easily accumulates condensate.
Attic floor
Insulation of the attic will help to do without warming the roof structure, if the attic is non-residential, used as a utility room. On the other hand, the insulation of the ceiling surface will protect the floor located lower than the attic from heat loss as much as possible.
Work is carried out according to the following technology:
- All cracks, voids between the beams of the ceiling, the ceiling is filled with felt, tow, they use mounting foam;
- After that, the attic is lined with a vapor barrier membrane;
- The selected insulation is laid on top, while there should not be any gaps or gaps between the layers;
- Then a layer of expanded clay is poured, which is good in that it has the ability to retain heat, absorbing noise, vibration;
- The final layer is a sand-cement screed, a layer of roofing material, another synthetic analogue, after which you can line the wooden floor, lay the chipboard.
If the building is old, before organizing the insulation, the roof is carefully inspected for cracks, the general condition of the ceiling. If necessary, replace rotten beams, wood parts are treated with moisture-, fire-resistant compounds, antiseptics from mold, insects. When the impregnations dry out, before sheeting the attic, they carry out preparatory work.
If there was a heater on the surface that did not lose its properties, a new layer is lined on top. For example, if initially the rough floor was made of sawdust and clay, you can mount the crate, lay the mats of mineral wool. If the old insulation has become unusable, it should be completely removed, put a new one and sewn up.
Roof insulation methods
How is the roof sheathed if the structure is wooden? First, the rafters are mounted, after which the selected heat insulator is placed in the voids. From above it is fixed with a stretched nylon cord or a wooden frame made of battens is mounted. Then the roof is lined with vapor barrier, which will protect the attic, the room from the inside from moisture.
- Pitched technology. First, the floor is insulated, then the roof is sheathed. Then they put a waterproofing membrane, wrapping it with rafters, while the film is attached to the roof with staples with brackets in the spaces between the crate. The next layer is mineral wool, while the plates are laid tightly, fixed from above with a crate or nylon mesh. Then the roof is lined with vapor barrier lap, the joints are fixed with tape, shot with brackets.
- Flat technology. A flat roof can be sheathed externally and internally. Foam is more suitable here than mineral wool. It is stronger than cotton wool, with its help the roof will turn out to be light, but at the same time warm, noise- and moisture-proof. With polystyrene foam, the roof will be reliably protected from atmospheric precipitation, the living room - as comfortable as possible, warm. First, the roof is lined with a vapor-tight membrane with an overlap of 10-15 cm. Then a foam layer is laid, thanks to which insulation is arranged.
After this, the plane is lined with roofing material, another synthetic analogue. The surface is poured with a sand-cement screed, after which the roof with a gas burner is coated with a weldable composition. It will reliably protect the living room, the ceiling from moisture, atmospheric phenomena.
Materials for insulation
Modern insulation is represented by all kinds of options. To an ignorant person it can be difficult to figure out which is better. Experts recommend conducting external cladding using liquid or bulk insulation. Which one should be used to sheathe a wooden interior from the inside? The best insulation in this case is plates of extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool.
What requirements should the material used to cover the roof meet? When choosing pay attention to its operational characteristics. It is important that the insulation and the roof be the same in terms of service life, otherwise the roof will need to be repaired. The material with which the insulation is carried out must meet the following requirements:
- To be environmentally friendly, without formaldehydes, other toxic components;
- Have a relatively low weight, otherwise the material will exert pressure on the wooden rafter frame;
- It is important that the roof holds its shape well, it is more advisable to use light material that holds its own weight well;
- To be sufficiently dense, the optimal performance is 15 kg / m3. The denser it is, the higher its heat-shielding characteristics;
- It is good if the material protects the room not only from the cold, but also from outside noise;
- Fire resistance is an important indicator that a heater should have. In case of fire, it must smolder, preventing the spread of flame, not toxin;
- To have high vapor permeability. It is good when the insulation helps to remove excess condensate. Otherwise, the spread of fungus, mold is inevitable.
Main materials
- Minvata. Universal insulation - mineral wool, fibrous material from stony molten rocks, repellent water. It has high noise and vibration absorption, fireproof, can not be deformed, it is not damaged by insects and rodents.If the roof is sheathed with mineral wool, it is advisable to lay the plates on the wooden frame of the crate, on top of the vapor barrier membrane. The layer should be dense, without cracks and gaps, which guarantees maximum heat retention. On top of the mineral wool, a wooden frame is mounted again, nails are stuffed.
- Expanded polystyrene. To make the roof light, strong, vapor-permeable, while having sound, vibration-absorbing characteristics, it is sheathed with sheet polystyrene foam. It allows you to sheathe a plane of arbitrary configuration, does not form seams, filling all voids, cracks. The roof before the lining does not need additional processing, polystyrene foam is mounted on anything: concrete, brick, wooden flooring and so on. The main disadvantage of the material is intolerance to UV rays, under the influence of which it is destroyed.
- Expanded clay. Very often, the roof is insulated with expanded clay, eco-friendly, durable, which does not deform over time, is not damaged by rodents. If the insulation is carried out correctly, the plane will turn out to be strong, warm, monolithic. Expanded clay attracts relative cheapness. Large amounts of money will not be needed for warming, it is enough to purchase a certain amount of expanded clay, rolled roofing material, and begin work.
- Warming with new methods. Liquid heat insulator polyurethane foam It is considered a new material that is applied to any surface by spraying, has a high adhesion to wood, concrete, brick, stone. Polyurethane foam fills hard-to-reach spots, it is universal if a strong seamless surface is needed. This is a relatively expensive heat insulator, for application you need to use a special installation. However, all the costs of blowing it in the winter will more than pay off if you save on heating.
The roof of modern buildings can be covered externally with a hydroisol, fiberglass coated with bitumen. The coating is plastic, it is durable, it is not afraid of moisture, mechanical damage, UV rays, temperature changes. Before laying the hydroisol, the plane is cleaned of the old roofing, dust, dirt. Then chips, cracks are eliminated with a cement mortar, then the mixture is allowed to dry, coated with primer or bitumen diluted with gasoline. When the coating dries, proceed with the installation of hydroisol.
